In this research, we provide two important contributions to the psychiatric community. First, we offer the first valid and reliable cognitive test that measures forensic clinicians' ability to detect and avoid diagnostic biases in psychiatric assessments. Second, we also estimate the prevalence of clinical decision bias detection and prevention ability among psychiatrists and psychologists. A total of 1069 clinicians from different specialties (317 psychiatrists and 752 clinical psychologists, of which 286 were forensic clinicians) participated in this research. The Checklist of Biases for Clinicians (BIAS-31) was developed, and its psychometric properties were analyzed. The prevalence of bias detection and prevention was estimated using BIAS-31 scores. The BIAS-31 is valid and reliable for measuring clinicians' ability to avoid and detect clinical biases. Between 41.2% and 55.8% of clinicians try to avoid biased clinical judgments. Likewise, between 48.5% and 57.5% of clinicians were able to correctly detect the biases involved in the diagnostic assessment process. We did not expect to obtain these prevalences. Therefore, we discuss to what extent specific training in the prevention of diagnostic biases is necessary and propose several clinical strategies to prevent a priori the occurrence of biases in the psychiatric assessment.

在这项研究中，我们为精神病学界做出了两项重要贡献。首先，我们提供了第一个有效且可靠的认知测试，用于衡量法医临床医生检测和避免精神病学评估中诊断偏差的能力。其次，我们还估计了精神科医生和心理学家临床决策偏差检测和预防能力的普遍性。共有来自不同专业的 1069 名临床医生（317 名精神科医生和 752 名临床心理学家，其中 286 名是法医临床医生）参与了这项研究。临床医生的偏见清单(BIAS-31) 被开发出来，并分析了它的心理测量特性。使用 BIAS-31 分数估计偏倚检测和预防的流行程度。BIAS-31 有效且可靠地测量临床医生避免和检测临床偏差的能力。41.2% 到 55.8% 的临床医生试图避免有偏见的临床判断。同样，48.5% 至 57.5% 的临床医生能够正确检测诊断评估过程中涉及的偏差。我们没想到会获得这些流行率。因此，我们讨论了预防诊断偏差的特定培训在多大程度上是必要的，并提出了几种临床策略来预防精神病学评估中先验偏差的发生。