Chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking play an important role both in the light hadron and heavy hadron systems. The chiral perturbation theory ($\chi$PT) is the low energy effective field theory of the Quantum Chromodynamics. In this work, we shall review the investigations on the chiral corrections to the properties of the heavy mesons and baryons within the framework of $\chi$PT. We will also review the scatterings of the light pseudoscalar mesons and heavy hadrons, through which many new resonances such as the $D_{s0}^{\ast }\left(2317\right)$ could be understood.

Moreover, many new hadron states were observed experimentally in the past decades. A large group of these states is near-threshold resonances, such as the charged charmoniumlike $Z_c$ and $Z_{cs}$ states, bottomoniumlike $Z_b$ states, hidden-charm pentaquark $P_c$ and $P_{cs}$ states and the doubly charmed $T_{cc}$ state, etc. They are very good candidates of the loosely bound molecular states composed of a pair of charmed (bottom) hadrons, which are very similar to the loosely bound deuteron. The modern nuclear force was built upon the chiral effective field theory ($\chi$EFT), which is the extension of the $\chi$PT to the systems with two matter fields. The long-range and medium-long-range interactions between two nucleons arise from the single- and double-pion exchange respectively, which are well constrained by the chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking. The short-distance interactions can be described by the low energy constants. Such a framework works very well for the nucleon–nucleon scattering and nuclei. In this work, we will perform an extensive review of the progress on the heavy hadronic molecular states within the framework of $\chi$EFT. We shall emphasize that the same chiral dynamics not only govern the nuclei and forms the deuteron, but also dictates the shallow bound states or resonances composed of two heavy hadrons.

手性对称性及其自发破缺在轻强子和重强子系统中都起着重要作用。手性微扰理论（$\chi$PT）是量子色动力学的低能有效场论。在这项工作中，我们将回顾在以下框架内对重介子和重子的性质进行手性校正的研究$\chi$PT。我们还将回顾轻伪标量介子和重强子的散射，许多新的共振如${丁}_{秒0}^{＊}\left(2317\right)$可以理解。

此外，在过去几十年中，通过实验观察到了许多新的强子态。这些状态中的一大部分是接近阈值的共振，例如带电的 charmoniumlike$Z_C$和$Z_{C秒}$状态，bottomoniumlike$Z_b$状态，隐藏的魅力五夸克$P_C$和$P_{C秒}$状态和双重魅力${吨}_{CC}$态等。它们是松散束缚分子态的非常好的候选者，由一对迷人的（底部）强子组成，与松散束缚的氘核非常相似。现代核力建立在手性有效场论（$\chi$EFT），它是$\chi$PT 到具有两个物质场的系统。两个核子之间的长程和中长程相互作用分别来自单介子交换和双介子交换，它们受到手性对称性及其自发破缺的很好约束。短距离相互作用可以用低能量常数来描述。这样的框架对于核子-核子散射和原子核非常有效。在这项工作中，我们将在以下框架内对重强子分子态的进展进行广泛的回顾$\chi$电汇。我们要强调的是，相同的手性动力学不仅控制原子核并形成氘核，而且还决定由两个重强子组成的浅束缚态或共振。