Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a critical medical condition during which sensorimotor function is lost. Current treatments are still unable to effectively improve these conditions, so it is important to pay attention to other effective approaches. Currently, we investigated the combined effects of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs)-derived exosomes along with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in the recovery of SCI in rats. Ninety male mature Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were allocated into five equal groups, including; sham group, SCI group, Exo group (underwent SCI and received hPMSCs-derived exosomes), HBO group (underwent SCI and received HBO), and Exo+HBO group (underwent SCI and received hPMSCs-derived exosomes plus HBO). Tissue samples at the lesion site were obtained for the evaluation of stereological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, molecular, and behavioral characteristics. Findings showed a significant increase in stereological parameters, biochemical factors (GSH, SOD, and CAT), IL-10 gene expression and behavioral functions (BBB and EMG Latency) in treatment groups, especially Exo+HBO group, compared to SCI group. In addition, MDA levels, the density of apoptotic cells and gliosis, as well as expression of inflammatory genes (TNF-α and IL-1β) were considerably reduced in treatment groups, especially Exo+HBO group, compared to SCI group. We conclude that co-administration of hPMSCs-derived exosomes and HBO has synergistic neuroprotective effects in animals undergoing SCI.

脊髓损伤 (SCI) 是一种严重的疾病，会导致感觉运动功能丧失。目前的治疗方法仍无法有效改善这些状况，因此必须关注其他有效的方法。目前，我们研究了人胎盘间充质干细胞 (hPMSC) 来源的外泌体与高压氧 (HBO) 对大鼠 SCI 恢复的综合作用。90 只雄性成熟 Sprague-Dawley (SD) 大鼠被分为五个相等的组，包括：假手术组、SCI组、Exo组（进行SCI并接受hPMSCs衍生的外泌体）、HBO组（进行SCI并接受HBO）和Exo+HBO组（进行SCI并接受hPMSCs衍生的外泌体加HBO）。获取病变部位的组织样本用于评估体视学、免疫组织化学、生化、分子和行为特征。研究结果显示，与 SCI 组相比，治疗组（特别是 Exo+HBO 组）的体视学参数、生化因子（GSH、SOD 和 CAT）、IL-10 基因表达和行为功能（BBB 和 EMG 潜伏期）显着增加。此外，与SCI组相比，治疗组尤其是Exo+HBO组的MDA水平、凋亡细胞和神经胶质细胞密度以及炎症基因（TNF-α和IL-1β）的表达显着降低。我们得出的结论是，hPMSC 衍生的外泌体和 HBO 联合给药对 SCI 动物具有协同神经保护作用。