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Sudden lockdown repeals, social mobility, and COVID-19: Evidence from a judicial natural experiment
Journal of Empirical Legal Studies ( IF 2.346 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 , DOI: 10.1111/jels.12348
Dhaval Dave 1 , Andrew I. Friedson 2 , Kyutaro Matsuzawa 3 , Drew McNichols 4 , Joseph J. Sabia 5
Affiliation  

The imposition and lifting of COVID-19 lockdown orders were among the most heatedly debated policies during the pandemic. Credible empirical evaluations of the effects of reopening policies are difficult because policymakers often explicitly linked sustained reductions in COVID-19 cases to the lifting of lockdown orders. This hardwired policy endogeneity creates challenges in isolating the causal effects of lifting of lockdown orders on social mobility and public health. To overcome simultaneity bias, we exploit a natural experiment generated by the Wisconsin Supreme Court when it abolished Wisconsin's “Safer at Home” order on separation-of-powers grounds. We capitalize on this sudden, dramatic, and largely unanticipated termination of a statewide lockdown order to estimate its effect—relative to a more gradual scaling back of restrictions—on social mobility and COVID-19 case growth. First, using anonymized smartphone data from SafeGraph and a synthetic control design, we find that termination of COVID-related restrictions had small and short-lived negative impacts on social distancing. Then, using data on case and mortality rates, we find no evidence that the Wisconsin Supreme Court decision impacted COVID-19 growth up to a month following the repeal. These findings suggest that in the absence of carrying new information, sudden lockdown repeals may generate smaller behavioral responses than policymakers anticipate.

中文翻译:

突然解除封锁、社会流动性和 COVID-19:来自司法自然实验的证据

实施和解除 COVID-19 封锁令是大流行期间争论最激烈的政策之一。很难对重新开放政策的影响进行可靠的实证评估,因为政策制定者通常明确地将 COVID-19 病例的持续减少与解除封锁令联系起来。这种固有的政策内生性给分离解除封锁令对社会流动性和公共卫生的因果影响带来了挑战。为了克服同时性偏差,我们利用了威斯康星州最高法院基于权力分立废除威斯康星州“在家更安全”命令时产生的自然实验。我们利用这种突然的、戏剧性的、并且在很大程度上意外终止了全州范围内的封锁令,以估计其对社会流动性和 COVID-19 病例增长的影响(相对于更渐进地缩减限制)。首先,使用来自 SafeGraph 的匿名智能手机数据和综合控制设计,我们发现终止与 COVID 相关的限制对社会距离产生了小而短暂的负面影响。然后,使用有关病例和死亡率的数据,我们发现没有证据表明威斯康星州最高法院的裁决在废除后的一个月内影响了 COVID-19 的增长。这些发现表明,在没有携带新信息的情况下,突然解除封锁可能会产生比政策制定者预期的更小的行为反应。使用来自 SafeGraph 的匿名智能手机数据和综合控制设计,我们发现终止与 COVID 相关的限制对社会距离产生了小而短暂的负面影响。然后,使用有关病例和死亡率的数据,我们发现没有证据表明威斯康星州最高法院的裁决在废除后的一个月内影响了 COVID-19 的增长。这些发现表明,在没有携带新信息的情况下,突然解除封锁可能会产生比政策制定者预期的更小的行为反应。使用来自 SafeGraph 的匿名智能手机数据和综合控制设计,我们发现终止与 COVID 相关的限制对社会距离产生了小而短暂的负面影响。然后,使用有关病例和死亡率的数据,我们发现没有证据表明威斯康星州最高法院的裁决在废除后的一个月内影响了 COVID-19 的增长。这些发现表明,在没有携带新信息的情况下,突然解除封锁可能会产生比政策制定者预期的更小的行为反应。
更新日期:2023-05-03
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