Butterbur (Petasites hybridus), which is a perennial herb native to Europe, Asia and North America, is used as food in the Black Sea region of Turkey. In this study, it was aimed to identify the natural microflora of the root, stem and leaf parts of the butterbur plant, to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds in these parts by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using the response surface methodology (RSM), and to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of these extracts. For this purpose, the effects of temperature (30–70 °C), extraction time (30–60 min) and ethanol concentration (0–70%) on total phenolic compounds (TPC) of phenolic extracts obtained from the butterbur plant parts were determined. As a result of the extractions carried out at optimum conditions, TPC (4.73, 0.64 and 3.78 μg GAE/mg extract), ABTS (17.57, 7.57 and 12.84 µg TE/mg extract), DPPH (2.51, 1.84 and 2.27 µg TE/mg extract) and FRAP (3.64, 2.95 and 3.14 µg TE/mg extract) values of the extracts obtained from root, stem and leaf were determined. Antimicrobial activity of the root, stem and leaf extracts were investigated on Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis microorganisms by the 96-well microtiter plate method and also disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of the extracts ranged between 0.39 and 87.50 mg/mL for all extracts and all tested microorganisms, while inhibition zone diameters ranged between 6.05 and 20.30 mm. In conclusion, extracts obtained from the butterbur plant can extend the shelf life of food products due to their antimicrobial activities.

蜂斗菜 ( Petasites hybridus ) 是一种多年生草本植物，原产于欧洲、亚洲和北美洲，在土耳其的黑海地区被用作食物。在本研究中，旨在鉴定款冬植物根、茎和叶部分的天然微生物群落，使用响应面法（RSM）通过超声辅助提取（UAE）优化这些部分中酚类化合物的提取), 并确定抗氧化和抗菌活性这些提取物。为此，研究了温度（30–70 °C）、提取时间（30–60 分钟）和乙醇浓度（0–70%）对从款冬植物部分获得的酚类提取物的总酚类化合物 (TPC) 的影响决定。由于在最佳条件下进行提取，TPC（4.73、0.64 和 3.78 μg GAE/mg 提取物）、ABTS（17.57、7.57 和 12.84 μg TE/mg 提取物）、DPPH（2.51、1.84 和 2.27 μg TE / mg 提取物）和 FRAP（3.64、2.95 和 3.14 µg TE/mg 提取物）测定了从根、茎和叶中提取的提取物的值。研究了根、茎和叶提取物对大肠杆菌O157:H7、沙门氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性,植物乳杆菌和短乳杆菌微生物通过 96 孔微量滴定板法和纸片扩散法。对于所有提取物和所有测试的微生物，提取物的最小抑制浓度 (MIC) 值介于 0.39 和 87.50 mg/mL 之间，而抑菌圈直径介于 6.05 和 20.30 mm 之间。总之，从蜂斗菜植物中提取的提取物可以延长食品的保质期，因为它们具有抗菌活性。