Background

Echocardiographic indices of the inferior vena cava have been associated with elevated right atrial pressures in humans.

Hypothesis/objectives

Describe caudal vena caval (CVC) sonographic dimensions in healthy cats compared to cats with cardiogenic cavitary effusion (CCE), cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE), or non-cardiac causes of cavitary effusion (NCE).

Animals

30 healthy control cats and 52 client-owned cats with CCE, CPE, or NCE examined at two university hospitals.

Methods

Sagittal 2-dimensional (2D) and M-mode CVC dimensions were acquired from the subxiphoid view. Caudal vena cava collapsibility index (CVC-CI) was calculated. Variables were compared between study groups using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's Bonferroni testing. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess sensitivity and specificity for diagnostic categories.

Results

Healthy cats had sagittal 2D and M-mode (median, interquartile range) CVC maximal dimensions of 2.4 mm (1.3–4.0) and 3.4 mm (1.5–4.9) and CVC-CI of 52% (45.2–61.8) and 55% (47.8–61.3), respectively. The CVC maximal dimensions in healthy controls were smaller than in cats with cavitary effusions or pulmonary edema (all P<0.05). CVC-CI was different between CCE and NCE (P<0.0001) with cutoffs of CVC-CI ≤38% (2D) or ≤29% (M-mode) being 90.5% and 85.7% sensitive, and 94.4% and 100% specific for diagnosis of CCE, respectively.

Conclusions and clinical importance

Caudal vena cava measurements are larger in cats with cavitary effusions and cats with CPE than healthy cats. In cats with cavitary effusion, decreased CVC-CI, ≤38% (2D) or ≤29% (M-mode), was helpful in distinguishing between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic etiology.

中文翻译：

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健康猫和患有充血性心力衰竭和非心脏原因引起的空腔积液的猫的超声心动图尾腔静脉测量

背景

下腔静脉的超声心动图指数与人类右心房压力升高有关。

假设/目标

描述健康猫与心源性空腔积液 (CCE)、心源性肺水肿 (CPE) 或非心源性空腔积液 (NCE) 猫的尾腔静脉 (CVC) 超声尺寸。

动物

在两家大学医院对 30 只健康对照猫和 52 只患有 CCE、CPE 或 NCE 的客户拥有的猫进行了检查。

方法

从剑突下视图获取矢状二维 (2D) 和 M 模式 CVC 尺寸。计算尾腔静脉塌陷指数（CVC-CI）。使用 Kruskal-Wallis 和 Dunn's Bonferroni 检验比较研究组之间的变量。受试者工作特征曲线用于评估诊断类别的敏感性和特异性。

结果

健康猫的矢状 2D 和 M 模式（中位、四分位数范围）CVC 最大尺寸为 2.4 毫米（1.3-4.0）和 3.4 毫米（1.5-4.9），CVC-CI 分别为 52%（45.2-61.8）和 55%（ 47.8–61.3），分别。健康对照的CVC最大直径小于空腔积液或肺水肿的猫（均P<0.05）。CCE 和 NCE 之间的 CVC-CI 不同 (P<0.0001)，CVC-CI ≤38% (2D) 或 ≤29%（M 模式）的截止值分别为 90.5% 和 85.7% 敏感度，94.4% 和 100% 特异度分别用于 CCE 的诊断。

结论和临床重要性

患有空腔积液的猫和患有 CPE 的猫的尾腔静脉测量值比健康的猫更大。在患有空腔积液的猫中，CVC-CI 降低，≤38%（2D）或≤29%（M 模式），有助于区分心源性和非心源性病因。