The aim of this audit was to assess the representation of female athletes, dietary control methods, and gold standard female methodology that underpins the current guidelines for chronic carbohydrate (CHO) intake strategies for athlete daily training diets. Using a standardized audit, 281 studies were identified that examined high versus moderate CHO, periodized CHO availability, and/or low CHO, high fat diets. There were 3,735 total participants across these studies with only ∼16% of participants being women. Few studies utilized a design that specifically considered females, with only 16 studies (∼6%) including a female-only cohort and six studies (∼2%) with a sex-based comparison in their statistical procedure, in comparison to the 217 studies (∼77%) including a male-only cohort. Most studies (∼72%) did not provide sufficient information to define the menstrual status of participants, and of the 18 studies that did, optimal methodology for control of ovarian hormones was only noted in one study. While ∼40% of male-only studies provided all food and beverages to participants, only ∼20% of studies with a female-specific design used this approach for dietary control. Most studies did not implement strategies to ensure compliance to dietary interventions and/or control energy intake during dietary interventions. The literature that has contributed to the current guidelines for daily CHO intake is lacking in research that is specific to, or adequately addresses, the female athlete. Redressing this imbalance is of high priority to ensure that the female athlete receives evidence-based recommendations that consider her specific needs.

本次审计的目的是评估女运动员的代表性、饮食控制方法和黄金标准女性方法，这些方法支撑着当前运动员日常训练饮食慢性碳水化合物（CHO）摄入策略指南。通过标准化审核，确定了 281 项研究，这些研究检查了高 CHO 与中度 CHO、定期 CHO 可用性和/或低 CHO、高脂肪饮食。这些研究共有 3,735 名参与者，其中只有约 16% 的参与者是女性。与 217 项研究相比，很少有研究采用专门考虑女性的设计，只有 16 项研究 (∼6%) 包括仅限女性的队列，以及 6 项研究 (∼2%) 在统计程序中进行了基于性别的比较(∼77%)，包括仅男性的队列。大多数研究 (∼72%) 没有提供足够的信息来定义参与者的月经状况，而在提供的 18 项研究中，只有一项研究指出了控制卵巢激素的最佳方法。虽然约 40% 的男性研究为参与者提供了所有食物和饮料，但只有约 20% 的针对女性设计的研究使用这种方法进行饮食控制。大多数研究没有实施策略来确保饮食干预的依从性和/或在饮食干预期间控制能量摄入。为当前每日 CHO 摄入量指南做出贡献的文献缺乏专门针对女运动员或充分针对女运动员的研究。