Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a complex disease involving development of the neural retina, ocular circulations, and other organ systems of the premature infant. The external stresses of the ex utero environment also influence the pathophysiology of ROP through interactions among retinal neural, vascular, and glial cells. There is variability among individual infants and presentations of the disease throughout the world, making ROP challenging to study. The methods used include representative animal models, cell culture, and clinical studies. This article describes the impact of maternal–fetal interactions; stresses that the preterm infant experiences; and biologic pathways of interest, including growth factor effects and cell–cell interactions, on the complex pathophysiology of ROP phenotypes in developed and emerging countries.

中文翻译：

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早产儿视网膜病变的病理生理学

早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）是一种复杂的疾病，涉及早产儿神经视网膜、眼循环和其他器官系统的发育。子宫外环境的外部压力也通过视网膜神经细胞、血管细胞和神经胶质细胞之间的相互作用影响 ROP 的病理生理学。世界各地的婴儿个体和疾病表现存在差异，这使得 ROP 的研究具有挑战性。使用的方法包括代表性动物模型、细胞培养和临床研究。本文描述了母婴互动的影响；强调早产儿的经历；以及感兴趣的生物途径，包括生长因子效应和细胞间相互作用，对发达国家和新兴国家 ROP 表型的复杂病理生理学的影响。