This study aimed to understand the role of disinhibition (low conscientiousness)—in conjunction with the other major personality traits of negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, and psychoticism—in predicting changes in depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning. Both the disinhibition trait domain and its primary facets (i.e., irresponsibility, impulsivity, and distractibility) were examined. In a large sample (Time 1 N = 605, Time 2 N = 497) of psychiatric outpatients and high-risk community residents, personality traits, depressive symptoms (both self-reported and interviewer-rated), and psychosocial functioning levels (i.e., daily functioning, interpersonal functioning, health-related quality of life, and global quality of life) were collected across two time points. Results showed that the disinhibition domain was the strongest predictor of changes in depressive symptoms and general quality of life levels. Disinhibition facets also predicted changes in depressive symptoms but showed a less consistent pattern compared to the broader trait domain. Finally, the irresponsibility and distractibility facets significantly and uniquely explained changes in interpersonal functioning. The study highlights the importance of assessing the disinhibition trait rather than only negative and positive affectivity (which are well-known correlates of depression), for understanding changes in depressive symptoms and psychosocial functioning. The findings identify potential targets in psychotherapy for individuals with disinhibition traits and depressive disorders.

中文翻译：

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去抑制域和方面独特地预测抑郁症状和心理社会功能的变化

本研究旨在了解抑制解除（低责任心）与消极情感、疏离、对抗和精神病等其他主要人格特征相结合，在预测抑郁症状和心理社会功能变化中的作用。对去抑制特征域及其主要方面（即不负责任、冲动和注意力分散）进行了检查。 在精神科门诊患者和高危社区居民的大样本（时间 1  N  = 605，时间 2  N = 497）中，人格特征、抑郁症状（自我报告和访谈者评分）和心理社会功能水平（即，日常功能、人际功能、健康相关的生活质量和整体生活质量）是在两个时间点收集的。结果表明，去抑制域是抑郁症状和总体生活质量水平变化的最强预测因子。去抑制方面也预测了抑郁症状的变化，但与更广泛的特征领域相比，表现出不太一致的模式。最后，不负责任和分心方面显着且独特地解释了人际功能的变化。该研究强调了评估去抑制特征的重要性，而不仅仅是评估消极和积极情感（这是众所周知的抑郁症相关因素），以了解抑郁症状和心理社会功能的变化。研究结果确定了针对具有去抑制特征和抑郁症的个体的心理治疗的潜在目标。