Potentially toxic elements (PTE) from industrial activities remain a global concern for their environmental hazards. In particular, strontium is found in drinking water and food, primarily from contamination from the nuclear industry, petroleum extractions, fireworks, and electronics. Its carbonate form is bioavailable and closely resembles calcium; thus, it has become a health concern, and phytoremediation has often been considered for Sr2+. We toxicologically determined Sr2+ tolerance in Festuca rubra (red fescue) and Trifolium pratense (red clover), and their ability to bio-accumulate strontium was compared to the sorption capacity of the soils. These plants were chosen for their ubiquity and as primary colonisers in soils. Experimentally uncontaminated farm soils from Lanarkshire, Scotland, were used, along with these two common plants. Further, seed-germination and plant-growth assays demonstrated that strontium chloride exposures impact both species (0–40mM; p < 0.05). Moreover, translocation factors suggest that T. pratense more efficiently accumulated strontium, and F. rubra has the potential to be the excluder species, which restricts strontium to the roots. This knowledge is relevant to how strontium contamination may be phytoremediated, and suggests using clover during the early stages of ecological succession to sequester strontium from soils.

中文翻译：

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受污染土壤微观世界中 Festuca rubra L.（红羊茅）和 Trifolium pratense L.（红三叶草）中锶的毒理学反应和生物富集

来自工业活动的潜在有毒元素 (PTE) 因其对环境的危害仍然是全球关注的问题。特别是饮用水和食物中含有锶，主要来自核工业、石油开采、烟花和电子产品的污染。它的碳酸盐形式具有生物可利用性，与钙非常相似；因此，它已成为一个健康问题，并且经常考虑对 Sr2+ 进行植物修复。我们通过毒理学方法确定了 Festuca rubra（红羊茅）和 Trifolium pratense（红三叶草）对 Sr2+ 的耐受性，并将它们生物富集锶的能力与土壤的吸附能力进行了比较。选择这些植物是因为它们无处不在，并且是土壤中的主要定植者。使用来自苏格兰拉纳克郡的实验未受污染的农场土壤，以及这两种常见植物。此外，种子发芽和植物生长测定表明，氯化锶暴露会影响这两个物种（0–40mM；p < 0.05）。此外，易位因素表明 T. pratense 更有效地积累锶，而 F. rubra 有可能成为排斥物种，从而将锶限制在根部。这些知识与锶污染如何被植物修复有关，并建议在生态演替的早期阶段使用三叶草从土壤中隔离锶。