Milk is a substrate for adulteration, and it is crucial to identify adulterants, and their quantities in milk products. In order to safeguard consumers from fake products and health risks, authenticity of milk products is in high demand. Analytical tools that are comprehensive, quick, and sensitive are necessary to monitor milk quality and screen for any undesirable substances. The traditional methods for the detection of adulterants in milk products are experiencing more difficulties due to their poor selectivity, sensitivity, and unsuitability for complex matrices. The researchers are paying close attention to nanomaterial based sensing systems, which are seen to be among the most effective alternatives to the traditional approaches. This review focuses on optical and electrochemical nanosensors including mechanisms and performances, in relation to their benefits, drawbacks, and applicability to milk products. It also addresses new developments in the field of nanoemsembles platforms for the rapid detection of adulterants in dairy products. A section of particular interest is the detection of milk authenticity, as it is known that milk from different animal species are intermixed.

牛奶是掺假的底物，识别掺假物及其在乳制品中的含量至关重要。为了保护消费者免受假冒产品和健康风险，对奶制品的真实性提出了很高的要求。全面、快速和灵敏的分析工具对于监测牛奶质量和筛查任何不良物质是必不可少的。传统的乳制品中掺假物检测方法由于其选择性差、灵敏度差以及不适用于复杂基质等问题而面临更多困难。研究人员正在密切关注基于纳米材料的传感系统，这些系统被认为是传统方法最有效的替代方法之一。本综述侧重于光学和电化学纳米传感器，包括机制和性能，关于它们的好处、缺点和对乳制品的适用性。它还介绍了用于快速检测乳制品中掺杂物的纳米组合平台领域的新发展。特别感兴趣的部分是牛奶真实性的检测，因为众所周知，来自不同动物物种的牛奶混合在一起。