The aim of this study was to enhance the flame-retardant properties of chicken-feather-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites by incorporating three different phosphorus-based flame retardants – namely, aluminum hypophosphite (AHP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi) – at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 wt%. The effectiveness of the additives was evaluated through various tests, including limiting oxygen index test, vertical burning test (vertical UL 94), thermogravimetric analysis and mass loss calorimeter test. The results indicated that all three additives exhibited flame-retardant properties in both the condensed and gas phases, but APP and AHP performed better than AlPi due to their enhanced char-formation capabilities. The flame-retardant effectiveness of the additives decreased in the order of APP > AHP > AlPi.

中文翻译：

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含磷填料鸡毛/TPU复合材料的阻燃性能

本研究的目的是通过加入三种不同的磷基阻燃剂——即次磷酸铝 (AHP)、聚磷酸铵 (APP) 和铝来增强鸡毛增强热塑性聚氨酯 (TPU) 复合材料的阻燃性能次膦酸二乙酯 (AlPi) – 浓度为 5、10 和 20 wt%。通过各种测试评估添加剂的有效性，包括极限氧指数测试、垂直燃烧测试（垂直 UL 94）、热重分析和质量损失量热仪测试。结果表明，所有三种添加剂在冷凝相和气相中均表现出阻燃性能，但 APP 和 AHP 的性能优于 AlPi，因为它们具有增强的成炭能力。