Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a membrane bound protein found on the surface of oligodendrocyte cells and the outermost surface of myelin sheaths. MOG is posited to play a role as a cell surface receptor or cell adhesion molecule, though there is no definitive answer to its exact function at this time. In the last few decades, there has been a recognition of anti-MOG-antibodies (MOG-Abs) in association with a variety of neurologic conditions, though primarily demyelinating and white matter disorders. In addition, MOG associated disease (MOGAD) appears to have a predilection for pediatric populations and in some patients may have a relapsing course. There has been considerable debate as to whether MOG-Abs are truly directly pathogenic or a disease biomarker associated with neuorinflammatory disease. In this manuscript we will review the current literature surrounding MOGAD, review new clinical phenotypes, discuss treatment and prognosis, and provide insight into potential future directions that studies may focus on.

髓磷脂少突胶质细胞糖蛋白（MOG）是一种膜结合蛋白，存在于少突胶质细胞表面和髓鞘的最外层表面。MOG 被认为作为细胞表面受体或细胞粘附分子发挥作用，尽管目前对其确切功能还没有明确的答案。在过去的几十年里，人们认识到抗 MOG 抗体 (MOG-Abs) 与多种神经系统疾病有关，但主要是脱髓鞘和白质疾病。此外，MOG 相关疾病 (MOGAD) 似乎在儿科人群中具有偏好，并且在某些患者中可能会出现复发病程。关于 MOG-Ab 是否真正直接致病或与神经炎症疾病相关的疾病生物标志物存在相当多的争论。