A set of diverse, evolving, and interactive forces are strengthening trends toward the digitization of firms business models and operations at a relatively fast pace and are affecting firms’ operations at relatively micro levels. They are also changing the ecosystems at the macro level through rapid digitization, augmented by the forces of change in the environment, including the progressive developments in communication and information technology and the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), www3.0, and I 4.0 amongst others. A review of the change and the evolutionary trends in the past 2 decades is highlighted to enable a discussion and characterization of the rapidly dominating digital ecosystems and their impacts on firms, especially iSMEs. This article examines the entrepreneurial digital ecosystem (EDE) to bring it within our theoretical and iSMEs’ easy operational reach with a few brief case-study examples of multi-sided online platforms and their increasingly disruptive impacts so far. Four schematic presentations portray the involved processes and are presented in Figs 1, 2, 3a and 3b; a comparative analysis of the top online multi-sided platform is presented in Table 1. They are operating within the macro entrepreneurial digital ecosystem, while modifying their own micro dimensions to their advantage and affecting the macro EDE. For ease of adoption and operationalization, the principal operating characteristics of a typical macro entrepreneurial digital ecosystem, each representing a distinct strategic function, are identified and re-articulated for SMEs’ and internationalized SMEs’ (iSMEs) ease of access and use for building their own corresponding micro EDE operations in order to exploit its advantages and avoid its emerging potential hazards. 

一系列多样化、不断发展和相互作用的力量正在以相对较快的速度加强企业商业模式和运营数字化的趋势，并在相对微观的层面上影响企业的运营。它们还通过快速数字化在宏观层面改变生态系统，环境变化的力量进一步增强，包括通信和信息技术的逐步发展以及人工智能 (AI)、www3.0 和 I 的快速发展4.0等等。重点回顾了过去 2 年的变化和演变趋势，以便能够讨论和描述迅速占据主导地位的数字生态系统及其对企业，尤其是 iSME 的影响。本文研究了创业数字生态系统 (EDE)，以将其纳入我们的理论和 iSME 易于操作的范围，并通过一些关于多边在线平台的简短案例研究示例及其迄今为止日益增长的破坏性影响。图 1、2、3a 和 3b 中有四个示意图描述了所涉及的过程；顶级在线多边平台的比较分析如表1所示。它们在宏观创业数字生态系统中运作，同时修改自己的微观维度以发挥自己的优势并影响宏观EDE。为了易于采用和操作，典型的宏观企业数字生态系统的主要操作特征，每个特征代表不同的战略功能，