The first purpose of this study is to define the network parameters that enable systemic analysis of international relations, identifying trends towards isolationism and expansionism. The second is to analyse the factors influencing global trends towards isolationism and expansionism from a structural point of view. The results of a network analysis, including a BERGM, indicate a trend towards isolationism in the economic arena since about 2010; in contrast, a trend towards expansionism has been continuously evident in the political and military sectors throughout the study period. These results also show that the international relations system is formed by reciprocal and triadic relations. In specific, the results reveal that the expansionism trends are influenced by relational substructures centred on importing states.

中文翻译：

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影响全球孤立主义和扩张主义趋势的结构性因素——BERGM分析

本研究的第一个目的是定义能够对国际关系进行系统分析的网络参数，识别孤立主义和扩张主义的趋势。二是从结构性角度分析影响全球孤立主义和扩张主义趋势的因素。包括 BERGM 在内的网络分析结果表明，自 2010 年左右以来，经济领域出现了孤立主义趋势；相比之下，在整个研究期间，政治和军事部门的扩张主义趋势持续明显。这些结果也表明，国际关系体系是由互惠关系、三元关系构成的。具体来说，结果表明扩张主义趋势受到以进口国为中心的关系子结构的影响。