Purpose of Review

Exposure to bioaerosols at dairies has long been associated with allergy, respiratory disease, and decreases in lung function. Recent advancements in exposure assessments have aided our understanding on the size distribution and composition of these bioaerosols, but investigations focusing solely on exposures may overlook important intrinsic factors impacting worker’s susceptibility to disease.

Recent Findings

In our review, we discuss the most recent studies examining the exposures and genetic factors that contribute to occupational disease in dairy work. We also review more recent concerns in livestock work associated with zoonotic pathogens, antimicrobial resistant genes, and the role of the human microbiome.

Summary

The studies highlighted in this review demonstrate the need for further research to better understand bioaerosol exposure–response relationships in the context of extrinsic and intrinsic factors, antibiotic-resistant genes, viral pathogens, and the human microbiome to help inform effective interventions that improve respiratory health among dairy farmers.

中文翻译：

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奶农在职业过敏和呼吸道疾病方面的经验教训

审查目的

长期以来，在乳品厂接触生物气溶胶与过敏、呼吸道疾病和肺功能下降有关。暴露评估的最新进展有助于我们了解这些生物气溶胶的尺寸分布和成分，但仅关注暴露的研究可能会忽视影响工人疾病易感性的重要内在因素。

最近的发现

在我们的综述中，我们讨论了最新的研究，这些研究检查了乳制品工作中导致职业病的暴露和遗传因素。我们还回顾了最近与人畜共患病原体、抗菌素耐药基因和人类微生物组的作用相关的畜牧业工作中的关注点。

概括

本综述强调的研究表明，需要进一步研究，以更好地了解外在和内在因素、抗生素抗性基因、病毒病原体和人类微生物组背景下的生物气溶胶暴露-反应关系，以帮助为改善呼吸系统健康的有效干预措施提供信息在奶农中。