Microbes are commonly sensitive to shifts in the physiological and pathological state of their hosts, including mothers and babies. From this perspective, the microbiome may be a good indicator for diseases during pregnancy and has the potential to be used for perinatal health monitoring. This is embodied in the application of microbiome from multi body sites for auxiliary diagnosis, early prediction, prolonged monitoring, and retrospective diagnosis of pregnancy and infant complications, as well as nutrition management and health products developments of mothers and babies. Here we summarized the progress in these areas and explained that the microbiome of different body sites is sensitive to different diseases and their microbial biomarkers may overlap between each other, thus we need to make a diagnosis prudently for those diseases. Based on the microbiome variances and additional anthropometric and physical data, individualized responses of mothers and neonates to meals and probiotics/prebiotics were predictable, which is of importance for precise nutrition and probiotics/prebiotics managements and developments. Although a great deal of encouraging performance was manifested in previous studies, the efficacy could be further improved by combining multi-aspect data such as multi-omics and time series analysis in the future. This review reconceptualizes maternal and infant health from a microbiome perspective, and the knowledge in it may inspire the development of new options for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes and bring a leap forward in perinatal health care.

中文翻译：

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孕产妇和婴儿微生物组：代际健康和营养保健的下一代指标和目标。

微生物通常对其宿主（包括母亲和婴儿）的生理和病理状态的变化敏感。从这个角度来看，微生物组可能是妊娠期疾病的良好指标，并有潜力用于围产期健康监测。具体体现在应用多体位微生物对妊娠及婴儿并发症的辅助诊断、早期预测、长期监测和回顾性诊断，以及母婴营养管理和保健品开发。在此我们总结了这些领域的进展，并解释了不同身体部位的微生物组对不同疾病的敏感程度，其微生物标志物可能相互重叠，因此我们需要谨慎地对这些疾病进行诊断。根据微生物组差异和额外的人体测量和身体数据，母亲和新生儿对膳食和益生菌/益生元的个体化反应是可预测的，这对于精确营养和益生菌/益生元的管理和开发非常重要。尽管之前的研究显示出很多令人鼓舞的表现，但未来可以通过结合多组学和时间序列分析等多方面数据来进一步提高疗效。这篇综述从微生物组的角度重新概念了母婴健康，其中的知识可能会启发开发预防和治疗不良妊娠结局的新方案，并带来围产期保健的飞跃。