Due to the worsening world climate crisis, reducing carbon emissions throughout product operations has become an issue that the manufacturing industry must face. In order to gain competitive advantage, this paper aims to explore low carbon design techniques for product life cycle: including low carbon design, low carbon manufacturing, low carbon logistics and low carbon recycling, as they are highly relevant to reducing carbon emissions. This paper proposes a portfolio structure for low carbon operations, consisting of a target layer, a strategy layer, and a support layer, aimed at improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. To emphasize the maximization of economic, environmental, and social advantages, the objective layer establishes a system of goals for low-carbon product design. The strategy layer proposes four low-carbon product design technologies: low-carbon product design, manufacturing, transportation, and recycling. The support layer emphasizes the importance of operational systems and support platforms for low-carbon products, such as low-carbon design systems, energy information collection systems, energy optimization support systems, carbon emission monitoring and control systems, and low-carbon management systems. However, successful implementation of low carbon manufacturing is challenging due to the complexity of low carbon manufacturing and the uniqueness of each company. Therefore, this paper suggests applying a life-cycle-oriented low-carbon operation model to various manufacturing enterprises and exploring models that reflect actual manufacturing practices to achieve the goal of low-carbon manufacturing.

中文翻译：

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产品低碳设计、制造、物流和回收：概述

由于世界气候危机日益严重，减少整个产品运营过程中的碳排放已成为制造业必须面对的问题。为了获得竞争优势，本文旨在探索产品生命周期的低碳设计技术：包括低碳设计、低碳制造、低碳物流和低碳回收，因为它们与减少碳排放高度相关。本文提出了低碳运营的组合结构，由目标层、战略层和支持层组成，旨在提高能源效率和减少碳排放。为了强调经济、环境和社会优势的最大化，目标层建立了低碳产品设计的目标体系。战略层提出了四种低碳产品设计技术：低碳产品设计、低碳制造、低碳运输、低碳回收。支撑层强调低碳产品运营系统和支撑平台的重要性，如低碳设计系统、能源信息采集系统、能源优化支撑系统、碳排放监测控制系统、低碳管理系统等。然而，由于低碳制造的复杂性和每个公司的独特性，成功实施低碳制造具有挑战性。因此，本文建议将面向生命周期的低碳运营模式应用于各类制造企业，探索反映实际制造实践的模式，以实现低碳制造的目标。