Abstract

Mathematical methods for description of the processes of evaporation from the soil surface under conditions of the sub-arid zone of the south of Russia are discussed. Theoretical studies in this area and the results of their practical application have been analyzed. Natural observations are explained using mathematical modeling. Mathematical models of evaporation from the soil surface are divided into two types: physico-mathematical, which are based on the interaction between the water and the soil carcass, and phenomenological, which are based on balance ratios. The data on the evaporation from the surfaces of light soils have been analyzed with allowance for the diffusive and film transfer of moisture within the pore space. The cumulative evaporation from extended areas has been analyzed using a semi-empirical model, which connected evaporation intensity with the precipitation and the hydrophysical state of the soil moisture in the aeration zone. Good agreement between the theory of the capillary transfer of moisture and the data on the evaporation from the surface of open sandy soils has been revealed. A nonlinear relationship between the evaporation rate and the depth of the underlying surface, as well as the capillary-sorption pressure, has been revealed. The amount of annual precipitation in the south of Russia and the cumulative evaporation are associated with each other via a power dependence indicating the capillary-sorption nature of the evaporation.

中文翻译：

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模拟蒸发过程

摘要

讨论了描述俄罗斯南部亚干旱地区条件下土壤表面蒸发过程的数学方法。分析了这方面的理论研究及其实际应用的结果。使用数学模型解释自然观察。土壤表面蒸发的数学模型分为两种类型：基于水和土壤主体之间相互作用的物理数学模型和基于平衡比的唯象模型。分析了轻质土壤表面蒸发的数据，并考虑了孔隙空间内水分的扩散和薄膜转移。使用半经验模型分析了扩展区域的累积蒸发量，将蒸发强度与降水量和通气区土壤水分的水文物理状态联系起来。水分的毛细管传输理论与开放沙质土壤表面蒸发数据之间的良好一致性已被揭示。已经揭示了蒸发速率与下垫面深度以及毛细管吸附压力之间的非线性关系。俄罗斯南部的年降水量和累积蒸发量通过功率相关性相互关联，表明蒸发的毛细管吸附性质。水分的毛细管传输理论与开放沙质土壤表面蒸发数据之间的良好一致性已被揭示。已经揭示了蒸发速率与下垫面深度以及毛细管吸附压力之间的非线性关系。俄罗斯南部的年降水量和累积蒸发量通过功率相关性相互关联，表明蒸发的毛细管吸附性质。水分的毛细管传输理论与开放沙质土壤表面蒸发数据之间的良好一致性已被揭示。已经揭示了蒸发速率与下垫面深度以及毛细管吸附压力之间的非线性关系。俄罗斯南部的年降水量和累积蒸发量通过功率相关性相互关联，表明蒸发的毛细管吸附性质。