Purpose of Review

This review article focuses to fulfill the gaps in the available literature on cancer incidence, antineoplastic drug consumption, environmental persistence, and toxicity assessment and provides a better understanding of the evaluation of the risk and difficulties resulting from the emergence of anticancer medications.

Recent Findings

Large amounts of antineoplastic drugs present in water bodies have adverse effects on the environment and human health. As the number of cancer patients continues to grow exponentially, the prevalence of antineoplastic chemicals in aquatic environments is steadily increasing worldwide. The oncology wards at hospitals, pharmaceutical firms, and municipal garbage (from outpatients) are the biggest contributors to the presence of antineoplastic drugs in aquatic environments. When released into the environment, the unmetabolized fraction/derivatives and free radicals of these medicines are more toxic.

Summary

It is evident from the review that the ecotoxicity, mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity are a result of the persistence of antineoplastic drug residual in water bodies. Thus, the presence of such substances in water bodies is detrimental to the health of both aquatic species and humans. The fate of antineoplastic drugs in the environment will also cause an adverse effect on agricultural crops and the soil microflora if the treated wastewater would be used for irrigation purposes.

中文翻译：

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水生环境中抗肿瘤药物的来源、发生和风险评估：综合回顾

审查目的

这篇综述文章的重点是填补现有文献中关于癌症发病率、抗肿瘤药物消耗、环境持久性和毒性评估的空白，并更好地理解抗癌药物的出现所带来的风险和困难的评估。

最近的发现

水体中存在的大量抗肿瘤药物对环境和人类健康有不利影响。随着癌症患者的数量继续呈指数增长，水生环境中抗肿瘤化学物质的流行在全球范围内稳步增加。医院的肿瘤病房、制药公司和市政垃圾（来自门诊病人）是水生环境中存在抗肿瘤药物的最大来源。当释放到环境中时，这些药物的未代谢部分/衍生物和自由基的毒性更大。

概括

从综述中可以看出，生态毒性、致突变性和细胞毒性是水体中抗肿瘤药物残留持续存在的结果。因此，此类物质在水体中的存在对水生物种和人类的健康都是有害的。如果处理后的废水用于灌溉，抗肿瘤药物在环境中的命运也会对农作物和土壤微生物群落产生不利影响。