Since the 1950s study of Scoville and Milner on the case H.M., the hippocampus has attracted neuroscientists’ attention. The hippocampus has been traditionally divided into dorsal and ventral parts, each of which projects to different brain structures and mediates various functions. Despite a predominant interest in its dorsal part in animal models, especially regarding episodic-like and spatial cognition, recent data highlight the role of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC), as the main hippocampal output, in cognitive processes. Here, we review recent studies conducted in rodents that have used advanced in vivo functional techniques to specifically monitor and manipulate vHPC efferent pathways and delineate the roles of these specific projections in learning and memory processes. Results highlight that vHPC projections to basal amygdala are implicated in emotional memory, to nucleus accumbens in social memory and instrumental actions and to prefrontal cortex in all the above as well as in object-based memory. Some of these hippocampal projections also modulate feeding and anxiety-like behaviours providing further evidence that the “one pathway-one function” view is outdated and future directions are proposed to better understand the role of hippocampal pathways and shed further light on its connectivity and function.

中文翻译：

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通路特异性干预揭示腹侧海马投射在认知功能中的多重作用

自从20世纪50年代斯科维尔和米尔纳对HM案例的研究以来，海马体就引起了神经科学家的关注。海马体传统上分为背侧和腹侧部分，每个部分投射到不同的大脑结构并介导各种功能。尽管人们对动物模型中的背侧部分感兴趣，特别是关于情景和空间认知，但最近的数据强调了腹侧海马（vHPC）作为主要海马输出在认知过程中的作用。在这里，我们回顾了最近在啮齿动物中进行的研究，这些研究使用了先进的体内专门监测和操纵 vHPC 传出通路并描述这些特定投射在学习和记忆过程中的作用的功能技术。结果强调，vHPC 对基底杏仁核的投射与情绪记忆、社会记忆和工具性行为中的伏核、以及上述所有方面以及基于对象的记忆中的前额皮质有关。其中一些海马预测还调节进食和类焦虑行为，进一步证明“一条通路一功能”的观点已经过时，并提出了未来的方向，以更好地理解海马通路的作用，并进一步阐明其连接性和功能。