Abstract

The unreclaimed dumps of the Moscow coal basin are a long-term spontaneous experiment reflecting the transformation of soils and toxic technogenic material under the influence of acid mine drainage with compounds of heavy metals and metalloids. In the Tula region, the particle size distribution, pH value, the electrical conductivity of a water extract, the concentration of total organic carbon and three mobile fractions, as well as the total content of Al, Ca, Fe, Mn, and S were obtained to analyze the transformation of the fractional composition of compounds of six elements in the soils of sulfuric acid geocomplexes at 11 key sites (a total of 57 samples). Heavy loamy chernozems that were not exposed to the waste heap contain up to 9% total organic carbon, have a near-neutral environment, and low electrical conductivity. In these, the average mobility of elements (in %) decreases in the series: Ca (62) > Mn (35) > Al, Fe (14) > S (3). Among the mobile compounds of Ca, exchangeable ones predominate, while Al, Fe, and Mn are extractable in 1 N HNO₃ at close levels of the S concentration of the three studied mobile fractions. Medium-heavy loamy toxylithostrats of the bare surface of the waste heap with a predominantly very acidic environment often have sulfate salinity. In these, the average mobility of elements decreases in the series Ca (80) > Fe (36) > S (15) > Al, Mn (3). Among the mobile compounds of Ca, Mn, and S, exchangeable compounds predominate, that is, Al and Fe, extracted with 1 N HNO₃. Acid mine drainage and solid matter from the waste heap form toeslope talus that bury highly productive chernozems. In terms of the fractional composition of the Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and S compounds, the bare soils of the talus are close to the toxic substrates of the waste heap and the grass-covered soils of the toeslope talus are close to the background chernozems. Relative to the waste heap material, the content of mobile compounds and total Ca and S is reduced in the displaced substrate from toeslope talus. Presumably, due to the influence of vegetation in the grass-covered substrate, the contents of mobile Mn compounds and the mobility of Al are significantly increased, while due to the lower supply of substances from the body of the waste heap, the mobility of Fe is reduced. The AUx horizon of chernozems has increases in the content of mobile compounds and total S, as well as water-soluble Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ with a decrease in the content of mobile compounds and total Mn.

中文翻译：

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煤矿影响区土壤上层金属和硫化合物的分数组成（俄罗斯中部森林草原）

摘要

莫斯科煤盆地的未开垦垃圾场是一个长期的自发实验，反映了在酸性矿井排水与重金属和非金属化合物的影响下土壤和有毒技术材料的转变。图拉地区的粒度分布、pH 值、水提取物的电导率、总有机碳和三种可移动组分的浓度以及 Al、Ca、Fe、Mn 和 S 的总含量为获得分析了 11 个关键地点（共 57 个样品）硫酸地质复合物土壤中六种元素化合物的分数组成的转化。未暴露于垃圾堆的重质壤土黑钙土含有高达 9% 的总有机碳，具有接近中性的环境和低导电性。在这些，元素的平均迁移率（以 % 为单位）按以下顺序降低：Ca (62) > Mn (35) > Al、Fe (14) > S (3)。在 Ca 的移动化合物中，可交换的化合物占主导地位，而 Al、Fe 和 Mn 可在 1 N HNO 中提取₃在三个研究的移动分数的 S 浓度的接近水平。废物堆裸露表面的中重壤土 toxylithostrats 主要是非常酸性的环境，通常具有硫酸盐盐度。其中，元素的平均迁移率按 Ca (80) > Fe (36) > S (15) > Al、Mn (3) 系列降低。在 Ca、Mn 和 S 的流动化合物中，可交换化合物占主导地位，即 Al 和 Fe，用 1 N HNO _3萃取. 酸性矿山废水和来自废料堆的固体物质形成了埋藏高产黑钙土的斜坡距骨。就Al、Ca、Fe、Mg、Mn和S化合物的分数组成而言，距骨裸露土壤接近于废弃物堆的有毒基质，而坡距距草覆盖的土壤接近到背景黑钙土。相对于废堆材料，移动化合物和总 Ca 和 S 的含量在从趾坡距骨置换的基质中减少。据推测，由于被草覆盖的基质中植被的影响，移动性Mn化合物的含量和Al的移动性显着增加，而由于来自废物堆体的物质供应较低，Fe的移动性降低了。²⁺和 Mg ^{2+ ，}移动化合物和总 Mn 含量下降。