Graphene oxides (GOs) and their reduced forms are often discussed both positively and negatively due to the lack of information about their chemistry and structure. This study utilized GOs with two sheet sizes that were further reduced by two reducing agents (sodium borohydride and hydrazine) to obtain two different degrees of reduction. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy (RA) to understand their chemistry and structure. The second focus of our investigation included in vitro testing of the biocompatibility/toxicity of these materials on a model organism, the freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The effects were studied on the basis of biological endpoints complemented by biomass investigation (FTIR spectroscopy, EA, and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)). The results showed that the biocompatibility/toxicity of GOs is dependent on their chemistry and structure and that it is impossible to generalize the toxicity of graphene-based nanomaterials.

由于缺乏有关其化学和结构的信息，氧化石墨烯（GO）及其还原形式经常受到积极和消极的讨论。本研究利用两种片材尺寸的GO，通过两种还原剂（硼氢化钠和肼）进一步还原，以获得两种不同程度的还原。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、元素分析（EA）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱和拉曼光谱（RA）对合成的纳米材料进行了表征了解它们的化学性质和结构。我们研究的第二个重点包括在模型生物（淡水微藻莱茵衣藻）上对这些材料的生物相容性/毒性进行体外测试。在生物终点的基础上研究了这些影响，并辅以生物量研究（FTIR 光谱、EA 和原子吸收光谱法 (AAS)）。结果表明，GO 的生物相容性/毒性取决于其化学和结构，不可能概括石墨烯基纳米材料的毒性。