Despite increased research on ‘multiple hazards’ and ‘cascading effects’, ambiguity remains concerning terminology. This paper reviews the literature to explore how these two concepts are defined in relation to critical infrastructures and their vital societal functions. Next, it investigates how the concepts are operationalised in Swedish disaster risk management. Findings indicate that regardless of a wealth of methodologies assessing multiple hazards and their cascading effects, these are rarely used by local planners, suggesting a gap between scientific approaches and practical implementation. Research mainly captures multiple hazards and cascading effects through technical parameters related to the severity of a hazard or the direct physical impacts on infrastructure. Less focus has been placed on the wider or knock-on effects across sectors and how these translate into societal risk. Future research should move beyond traditional understandings of social vulnerabilities as only pre-existing, to analyse how cascading effects on infrastructure and services can put new social groups at risk.

中文翻译：

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概念化对关键基础设施的多重危害和连锁效应

尽管对“多重危害”和“连锁效应”的研究有所增加，但术语仍然含糊不清。本文回顾了文献，探讨如何定义这两个概念与关键基础设施及其重要社会功能的关系。接下来，它研究了如何在瑞典灾害风险管理中实施这些概念。调查结果表明，尽管评估多种灾害及其连锁效应的方法很丰富，但当地规划者很少使用这些方法，这表明科学方法与实际实施之间存在差距。研究主要通过与危害严重程度或对基础设施的直接物理影响相关的技术参数来捕获多种危害和连锁效应。人们较少关注跨行业的更广泛影响或连锁反应以及这些影响如何转化为社会风险。未来的研究应该超越对社会脆弱性仅存在的传统理解，分析基础设施和服务的连锁效应如何使新的社会群体面临风险。