Understanding the habitability of both past and present Mars continues to evoke scientific interest, particularly now that there is growing evidence of previous, vastly available liquid water and a warmer Martian climate. While today the surface of the Red Planet is barren and dry, the presence of hydrated minerals like phyllosilicates and sulphate minerals may indicate that the planet was once much more conducive to the emergence of life. These observations are the driving force behind investigations into possible biomarkers and signs of extinct life in the context of Mars. While Mars orbiters, landers and rovers have significantly improved our understanding of the planet’s past, Earth-based experiments are necessary to support those missions technically and scientifically. Simulation facilities replicating the Mars climate are used to test instruments before flight and investigate interactions of biomarkers with the Martian environment. Here, we review some exemplary, modern ground-based facilities with a focus on sample species relevant to astrochemistry and astrobiology. The presented Mars simulation facilities utilize a variety of technical implementations and thus are capable of simulating all of the major environmental parameters on the Martian surface: atmosphere, temperature and electromagnetic solar radiation. Depending on the subject-specific requirements of each investigation, these setups integrate various simulation features and different measurement techniques. A few examples of particularly remarkable simulation facilities include: the Planetary Atmospheres and Surfaces Chamber and the MARTE Simulation Chamber at INTA's Centro de Astrobiologia, Spain, which are unique in terms of integrated measurement techniques and Martian dust simulation; the Mars Simulation Facility, one of several planetary simulation chambers based at the German aerospace center DLR, Germany, is specialized in humidity measurements and sample analysis using PAM fluorometry; the Mars Simulation Chamber/Planetary Atmosphere Chamber at the Kennedy Space Center, USA, integrates an optical filter system to simulate ultraviolet-light attenuation by Martian dust; the Mars Environmental Simulation Chamber at Aarhus University, Denmark, provides atmospheric cooling and the possibility to extract samples mid-experiment. Many state-of-the-art technologies used in Mars simulation chambers are also integral to space-based experimental platforms, such as the planned OREOcube/Exocube experiment on the International Space Station. In-situ space experiments are highly complementary to Martian simulations, particularly in providing supplementary knowledge about the influence of broad-range radiation exposure and the true solar spectrum.

了解过去和现在火星的宜居性继续引起科学界的兴趣，特别是现在有越来越多的证据表明以前有大量可用的液态水和更温暖的火星气候。虽然今天这​​颗红色星球的表面贫瘠干燥，但页硅酸盐和硫酸盐矿物等水合矿物的存在可能表明这颗行星曾经更有利于生命的出现。这些观察结果是调查火星背景下可能的生物标志物和灭绝生命迹象的推动力。虽然火星轨道飞行器、着陆器和漫游者大大提高了我们对地球过去的了解，但地球上的实验对于在技术和科学上支持这些任务是必要的。复制火星气候的模拟设施用于在飞行前测试仪器，并研究生物标志物与火星环境的相互作用。在这里，我们回顾了一些示范性的现代地面设施，重点是与天体化学和天体生物学相关的样本物种。提出的火星模拟设施利用了多种技术实现，因此能够模拟火星表面的所有主要环境参数：大气、温度和电磁太阳辐射。根据每项调查的特定主题要求，这些设置集成了各种模拟功能和不同的测量技术。一些特别出色的模拟设施的例子包括：位于西班牙 INTA 天体生物学中心的行星大气和表面室和 MARTE 模拟室，它们在综合测量技术和火星尘埃模拟方面是独一无二的；火星模拟设施是德国航空航天中心 DLR 的几个行星模拟室之一，专门使用 PAM 荧光法进行湿度测量和样品分析；美国肯尼迪航天中心的火星模拟室/行星大气室集成了光学过滤系统，以模拟火星尘埃对紫外线的衰减；丹麦奥胡斯大学的火星环境模拟室提供大气冷却和在实验中期提取样本的可能性。火星模拟室中使用的许多最先进技术也是天基实验平台不可或缺的一部分，例如计划在国际空间站进行的 OREOcube/Exocube 实验。原位空间实验与火星模拟高度互补，特别是在提供有关大范围辐射暴露和真实太阳光谱影响的补充知识方面。