Purpose of Review

The review aims to describe short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as metabolites of bacteria, their complex influence on whole-body metabolism, and alterations in the SCFA profile in obesity and after bariatric surgery (BS).

Recent Findings

The fecal profile of SCFAs in obese patients differs from that of lean patients, as well as their gut microbiota composition. In obese patients, a lower diversity of bacteria is observed, as well as higher concentrations of SCFAs in stool samples. Obesity is now considered a global epidemic and bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for severe obesity. BS affects the structure and functioning of the digestive system, and also alters gut microbiota and the concentration of fecal SCFAs. Generally, after BS, SCFA levels are lower but levels of branched short-chain fatty acids (BSCFAs) are elevated, the effect of which is not fully understood. Moreover, changes in the profile of circulating SCFAs are little known and this is an area for further research.

Summary

Obesity seems to be inherently associated with changes in the SCFA profile. It is necessary to better understand the impact of BS on microbiota and the metabolome in both feces and blood as only a small percentage of SCFAs are excreted. Further research may allow the development of a personalized therapeutic approach to the BS patient in terms of diet and prebiotic intervention.

中文翻译：

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短链脂肪酸——微生物组的产物及其参与微生物组-宿主哺乳动物系的双向通讯

审查目的

该综述旨在将短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 描述为细菌的代谢产物、它们对全身代谢的复杂影响，以及肥胖和减肥手术 (BS) 后 SCFA 特征的改变。

最近的发现

肥胖患者的 SCFA 粪便特征与瘦患者不同，肠道菌群组成也不同。在肥胖患者中，观察到细菌的多样性较低，粪便样本中的短链脂肪酸浓度较高。肥胖现在被认为是一种全球流行病，减肥手术 (BS) 是治疗严重肥胖的有效方法。BS 会影响消化系统的结构和功能，还会改变肠道微生物群和粪便 SCFA 的浓度。通常，在 BS 之后，SCFA 水平较低，但支链短链脂肪酸 (BSCFA) 水平升高，其影响尚不完全清楚。此外，循环 SCFA 的变化情况鲜为人知，这是一个需要进一步研究的领域。

概括

肥胖似乎与 SCFA 概况的变化有着内在的联系。有必要更好地了解 BS 对粪便和血液中微生物群和代谢组的影响，因为只有一小部分 SCFA 被排出体外。进一步的研究可能允许在饮食和益生元干预方面为 BS 患者开发个性化的治疗方法。