Skin grafting is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in dermatology. Nevertheless, the failure rate is still quite high, which can cause a huge burden for patients and the health care system. Early interventions, like salvage surgery, can rescue the grafts that are going to fail. Therefore, real-time and objective monitoring of skin grafts and flaps is crucial to guide clinicians for an evidence-based treatment. This can be achieved by modern sensor applications using advanced techniques in nanotechnology and material science. This review provides an overview on current challenges for the further development of (bio-)sensors for monitoring the uptake of implanted skin grafts and skin flaps. Special interest has been given to invasive/non-invasive as well as wearable/implantable applications. In addition, the adaptation of recent developments in alternative sensing systems with physical, optical and electrochemical transducers for the continuous monitoring (intra- and post-operative) of skin transplants has been discussed.

皮肤移植是皮肤科最常进行的外科手术之一。尽管如此，失败率仍然相当高，这会给患者和医疗保健系统造成巨大的负担。早期干预，如抢救手术，可以挽救即将失败的移植物。因此，实时、客观地监测植皮和皮瓣对于指导临床医生进行循证治疗至关重要。这可以通过使用纳米技术和材料科学先进技术的现代传感器应用来实现。本综述概述了当前进一步开发用于监测植入皮肤移植物和皮瓣吸收的（生物）传感器所面临的挑战。人们对侵入性/非侵入性以及可穿戴/植入式应用特别感兴趣。此外，