Purpose of Review

Annually, huge amounts of microplastics (MPs) are added to farmlands through sewage sludge (SS)/biosolid applications as a fertilizer. Most research emphasizes the enormity of the problem and demonstrates the fate, impacts, and toxicity of MPs during SS treatment processes and land applications. None has addressed the management strategies. To address the gaps, the current review evaluates the performance analysis of conventional and advanced sludge treatment methods in eliminating MPs from sludge.

Recent Findings

The review uncovers that the occurrence and characteristics of MPs in SS are highly governed by factors such as population density, speed and level of urbanization, citizens’ daily habits, and treatment units in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Furthermore, conventional sludge treatment processes are ineffective in eliminating MPs from SS and are accountable for the increased small-sized MPs or micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) along with altered surface morphology facilitating more co-contaminant adsorption. Simultaneously, MPs can influence the operation of these treatment processes depending on their size, type, shape, and concentration. The review reveals that research to develop advanced technology to remove MPs efficiently from SS is still at a nascent stage.

Summary

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MPs in the SS, by corroborating state-of-the-knowledge, on different aspects, including the global occurrence of MPs in WWTP sludge, impacts of different conventional sludge treatment processes on MPs and vice versa, and efficiency of advanced sludge treatment and upcycling technologies to eliminate MPs, which will facilitate the development of mitigation measures from the systematic and holistic level.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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城市污水污泥中新兴微（纳米）塑料去除和升级回收技术的当代漂移：战略创新与前景

审查目的

每年，大量的微塑料 (MP) 通过污水污泥 (SS)/生物固体作为肥料添加到农田中。大多数研究都强调问题的严重性，并论证了固体颗粒物在固体颗粒物处理过程和土地应用过程中的命运、影响和毒性。没有人谈到管理策略。为了弥补这些差距，本综述评估了传统和先进污泥处理方法在消除污泥中 MP 方面的性能分析。

最近的发现

审查发现，SS中MP的发生和特征很大程度上取决于人口密度、城市化速度和水平、居民的日常生活习惯以及污水处理厂（WWTP）的处理单元等因素。此外，传统的污泥处理工艺无法有效消除SS中的MP，并且会导致小尺寸MP或微（纳米）塑料（MNP）的增加，以及表面形态的改变，从而促进更多的共污染物吸附。同时，MP 可以根据其大小、类型、形状和浓度影响这些处理过程的运行。审查显示，开发先进技术以有效地从党卫军中清除议员的研究仍处于起步阶段。

概括

本综述通过证实不同方面的最新知识，对 SS 中的 MP 进行了全面分析，包括污水处理厂污泥中 MP 的全球发生情况、不同传统污泥处理工艺对 MP 的影响，反之亦然，以及先进的污泥处理和升级回收技术消除MP的效率，将有利于从系统和整体层面制定缓解措施。

图形概要