The article analyzes various linguistic means to carry out threats in Russian with special focus on 27 constructions tagged as “Threat” in the Russian Constructicon, a linguistic repository of more than 2200 constructions in the Russian language. The major purpose of the current study is to investigate what constitutes a threat in Russian and how threats are related to other constructions. Unlike talking about threats, performing them in Russian does not involve the verbs ugrožatʹ and grozitʹ ‘threaten’. Instead, speakers prefer to use various indirect strategies, such as the construction Pogovori mne eščë!‘Don’t you dare talk like that!’. Although the constructions involve considerable variation in form and content, they share a common structure. The proposed taxonomy suggests that threats comprise three components that can be referred to as “Cause” (the undesired action of the threatenee), “Condition” (the action that the threatenee should take to avoid the Content of the threat), and “Content” (the harmful action that the threatener promises to carry out). In most cases one or two components are left out and the remaining components are often referred to through metonymy. The article furthermore contributes to Construction Grammar: it is proposed that lateral relationships between constructions can be of two types, referred to as “Overlap” (sharing a common semantic schema) and “Disambiguation in context” (sharing a common constructional schema).

本文分析了用俄语进行威胁的各种语言手段，特别关注俄语 Constructicon 中标记为“威胁”的 27 个结构，这是一个包含 2200 多个俄语结构的语言库。当前研究的主要目的是调查什么构成俄语中的威胁以及威胁与其他结构的关系。与谈论威胁不同，用俄语进行威胁并不涉及动词ugrožatʹ和grozitʹ “威胁”。相反，说话者更喜欢使用各种间接策略，例如结构Pogovori mne eščë！“你不敢那样说话！”。尽管结构在形式和内容上有相当大的差异，但它们具有共同的结构。拟议的分类法表明，威胁包括三个组成部分，可称为“原因”（受威胁者的不良行为）、“条件”（受威胁者为避免威胁内容而应采取的行动）和“内容” ”（威胁者的有害行为承诺执行）。在大多数情况下，一个或两个组件被省略，其余组件通常通过转喻来引用。这篇文章还对构式语法做出了贡献：提出构式之间的横向关系可以分为两种类型，称为“重叠”（共享一个共同的语义模式）和“上下文中的消歧”（共享一个共同的构造模式）。