The use of natural colorants in modern dye factories is a potential green chemistry idea that should be widely promoted to minimize the dependency of wool dyeing on some hazardous and non-biodegradable synthetic colors. In this study, an effort was undertaken to see if Rheum emodi (rhubarb) extract might be used as a natural dye for wool dyeing for the replacement of synthetic dyes. The dyeing of wool fabric was carried out using microwave (MW) ray treatment. By combining several mordants, a stunning color palette of shades of varying hues and tones was created. Comparative evaluation of the effects of various chemical mordants (aluminum salt, iron salt, tannic acid and cream of tartar) and bio-mordants (pomegranate extract and pine nut hull extract) on the characteristics of dyed wool samples was carried out to choose the best mordant for each application. It was found that MW-treated wool fabric using a bio-mordant showed a higher colorfastness value of 4/5 to 5 and a color strength value of approximately 10–20 than using metallic mordant. Scanning electron microscopy photographs and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the difference between irradiated and unirradiated wool fabrics. The employment of MW rays and bio-mordants in the natural coloring of wool fabric is encouraged due to their biocompatibility and non-toxicity when combined with MW treatment of wool fabric, as well as their high colorfastness and color strength performance. As a result, naturally extracted dyes from rhubarb can be a replacement for synthetic dyes for the coloration of wool fabric in the textile industry due to their environmental friendliness.

中文翻译：

---

使用大黄天然染料对羊毛织物进行微波辅助可持续染色

在现代染料工厂中使用天然着色剂是一种潜在的绿色化学理念，应广泛推广，以尽量减少羊毛染色对一些有害且不可生物降解的合成色素的依赖。在这项研究中，我们试图看看大黄提取物是否可以用作羊毛染色的天然染料，以替代合成染料。羊毛织物的染色采用微波（MW）射线处理进行。通过结合多种媒染剂，创造出具有不同色调和色调的令人惊叹的调色板。比较评价各种化学媒染剂（铝盐、铁盐、单宁酸、塔塔粉）和生物媒染剂（石榴提取物、松子壳提取物）对染色羊毛样品特性的影响，选择最佳媒染剂。每种应用都有媒染剂。结果发现，与使用金属媒染剂相比，使用生物媒染剂进行微波处理的羊毛织物的色牢度值更高，为 4/5 至 5，色强度值约为 10-20。扫描电子显微镜照片和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析揭示了辐照和未辐照羊毛织物之间的差异。鼓励在羊毛织物的天然染色中使用MW射线和生物媒染剂，因为它们与羊毛织物的MW处理相结合时具有生物相容性和无毒性，以及它们的高色牢度和色力性能。因此，从大黄中天然提取的染料由于其环境友好性，可以替代合成染料用于纺织工业中羊毛织物的染色。