Drawing on the family stress process model and using data from 141 same-sex couples (N = 282 partners), we examined associations between heterosexist discrimination and relational sacrifices (i.e., willingness and behaviors). We also examined the moderating roles of both partners' internalized homophobia and state-level liberalism on same-sex marriage legalization. Actor-partner interdependence moderation models were conducted. Most of our findings supported hypotheses from the family stress process model. One individual's experiences of greater heterosexist discrimination were related to the partner's higher levels of sacrifice willingness and the individual's own higher frequency of sacrifice behaviors. Such associations emerged (a) among couples living in more liberal states that legalized same-sex marriage earlier, and (b) when the individual's partner reported lower levels of internalized homophobia. Yet the moderating role of an individual's internalized homophobia was the opposite of our hypothesis. When individuals reported high (versus low) internalized homophobia, individuals' experiences of more discriminative events were related to partners' higher levels of sacrifice willingness. Collectively, our study findings highlight that—when investigating how same-sex couples forge and maintain romantic bonds—researchers should consider their experiences in the social cultural context of heteronormativity, which includes the focus on discrimination, stigma, and affirmative laws and policies.

中文翻译：

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同性伴侣的异性恋歧视和关系牺牲

借鉴家庭压力过程模型并使用来自 141 名同性伴侣的数据 ( N = 282 名伴侣），我们研究了异性恋歧视与关系牺牲（即意愿和行为）之间的关联。我们还研究了伴侣双方内在的同性恋恐惧症和国家层面的自由主义对同性婚姻合法化的调节作用。建立了演员-合作伙伴相互依赖调节模型。我们的大部分发现都支持家庭压力过程模型的假设。一个人遭受较大异性恋歧视的经历与伴侣较高的牺牲意愿和个人较高的牺牲行为频率有关。这种关联出现在（a）生活在更自由、较早将同性婚姻合法化的州的夫妇中，以及（b）当个人的伴侣报告内化的同性恋恐惧症程度较低时。然而，个人内在的同性恋恐惧症的调节作用与我们的假设相反。当个体报告高（相对低）的内在同性恋恐惧症时，个体经历更多歧视性事件与伴侣更高水平的牺牲意愿相关。总的来说，我们的研究结果强调，在调查同性伴侣如何建立和维持浪漫纽带时，研究人员应该考虑他们在异性恋社会文化背景下的经历，其中包括对歧视、耻辱以及平权法律和政策的关注。个人经历更多歧视性事件与伴侣更高水平的牺牲意愿有关。总的来说，我们的研究结果强调，在调查同性伴侣如何建立和维持浪漫纽带时，研究人员应该考虑他们在异性恋社会文化背景下的经历，其中包括对歧视、耻辱以及平权法律和政策的关注。个人经历更多歧视性事件与伴侣更高水平的牺牲意愿有关。总的来说，我们的研究结果强调，在调查同性伴侣如何建立和维持浪漫纽带时，研究人员应该考虑他们在异性恋社会文化背景下的经历，其中包括对歧视、耻辱以及平权法律和政策的关注。