Disasters and other emergency events have complex effects on human systems, particularly if the events are severe or prolonged. When these types of events happen in rural communities, the resources of the local public health, healthcare, and emergency response organizations can be quickly depleted or overwhelmed. Planning for emergencies can help to mitigate their impact. Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) methods, including computer simulations, can provide insight on how best to prepare for these events and to explore the effects of varying approaches and resource utilization. To best apply these methods for improving disaster management in rural settings, a synthesis of the current body of evidence in this field is needed. The objective of this scoping review was to provide a descriptive overview of the application of computer simulation based on MBSE approaches to disaster preparedness and response for rural healthcare systems. Six studies met inclusion criteria, and varied in terms of MBSE method used, healthcare setting, and disaster type and context considered. We identified a gap in the research regarding the application of MBSE approaches to support rural healthcare disaster preparedness planning efforts. Model-based systems engineering and systems thinking, therefore, represent novel methods for developing tools and computational simulations that could assist rural communities better prepare for disasters.

灾难和其他紧急事件对人类系统具有复杂的影响，尤其是在事件严重或持续时间较长的情况下。当此类事件发生在农村社区时，当地公共卫生、医疗保健和应急响应组织的资源可能会迅速耗尽或不堪重负。应急计划有助于减轻其影响。基于模型的系统工程 (MBSE) 方法，包括计算机模拟，可以深入了解如何最好地为这些事件做准备，并探索不同方法和资源利用的影响。为了最好地应用这些方法来改善农村地区的灾害管理，需要综合该领域当前的证据。本范围审查的目的是描述基于 MBSE 方法的计算机模拟在农村医疗保健系统备灾和响应中的应用。六项研究符合纳入标准，并且在使用的 MBSE 方法、医疗保健环境以及考虑的灾害类型和背景方面各不相同。我们发现了关于应用 MBSE 方法支持农村医疗救灾规划工作的研究差距。因此，基于模型的系统工程和系统思维代表了开发工具和计算模拟的新方法，可以帮助农村社区更好地为灾难做好准备。并且在使用的 MBSE 方法、医疗保健环境以及考虑的灾害类型和背景方面各不相同。我们发现了关于应用 MBSE 方法支持农村医疗救灾规划工作的研究差距。因此，基于模型的系统工程和系统思维代表了开发工具和计算模拟的新方法，可以帮助农村社区更好地为灾难做好准备。并且在使用的 MBSE 方法、医疗保健环境以及考虑的灾害类型和背景方面各不相同。我们发现了关于应用 MBSE 方法支持农村医疗救灾规划工作的研究差距。因此，基于模型的系统工程和系统思维代表了开发工具和计算模拟的新方法，可以帮助农村社区更好地为灾难做好准备。