Recent studies provide insights into library, archive and museum (LAM) professionals' attitudes toward user participation, yet they do not address how the diversity of roles LAM professionals assume may influence their attitudes toward participation. The reported findings based on a questionnaire to LAM professionals in Norway and Sweden indicate that user participation is viewed differently depending on how the professionals perceive their roles in relation to those of other professions. Analysis of the underlying relationships between the questionnaire respondents' perceptions and attitudes identifies three subject positions with associated interpretative repertoires: power sharing, outsourcing and engaging experts. Additional analysis using a four-quadrant model of user engagement that differentiates between bottom-up and top-down approaches and between areas of organizational activity suggests that the respondents primarily see themselves as experts within their respective fields and have yet to relinquish this role in favor of a more bottom-up approach to user participation.

最近的研究提供了关于图书馆、档案馆和博物馆 (LAM) 专业人员对用户参与的态度的见解，但他们没有解决 LAM 专业人员承担的角色多样性如何影响他们对参与的态度。根据对挪威和瑞典的 LAM 专业人士进行的调查问卷报告的调查结果表明，根据专业人士如何看待他们相对于其他专业的角色，对用户参与的看法不同。对调查问卷受访者的看法和态度之间的潜在关系的分析确定了三个主题立场和相关的解释曲目：权力分享、外包和聘请专家。