Liminal periods of disaster solidarity in the aftermath of disaster are a common experience of many survivors. These periods have a specifically ethical component in that people spontaneously engage in collective, altruistic action and magnanimously expand their ethical focus beyond normative social distinctions and hierarchies. Inevitably, however, such solidarity seems to wane, and people return to pre-disaster patterns of interaction. Nevertheless, some individuals move beyond opportune acts of assistance to more extensive reorganisations of their lives during the recovery period and reshape their ethical commitments in new and durable directions. These individuals help make visible marginalised ‘others’ and draw collaborators to share new ethical visions. Based on observational and interview data collected after Hurricane María (2017) in a mountainous Puerto Rican municipality and employing the framework of virtue ethics, this paper examines the differential effects of disaster solidarity on survivors' ethical responses and the different contributions these make to society.

中文翻译：

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灾难团结和幸存者伦理：波多黎各飓风玛丽亚的案例研究

灾难发生后的灾难团结的临界期是许多幸存者的共同经历。这些时期具有特定的道德成分，因为人们自发地参与集体的、利他的行动，并慷慨地将他们的道德焦点扩展到规范的社会区别和等级制度之外。然而，这种团结似乎不可避免地会减弱，人们又回到了灾前的互动模式。尽管如此，一些人在恢复期间超越了适当的援助行为，对他们的生活进行了更广泛的重组，并在新的、持久的方向上重塑了他们的道德承诺。这些人帮助边缘化的“其他人”变得可见，并吸引合作者分享新的道德愿景。本文基于在波多黎各山区的玛丽亚飓风（2017 年）后收集的观察和访谈数据，并采用美德伦理框架，探讨了灾难团结对幸存者道德反应的不同影响以及它们对社会做出的不同贡献。