The number of studies on the effects of mindfulness on healthcare professionals is increasing. The main aim of this study was to collate the quantitative results of original studies analyzing the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on a variety of outcomes in medical students. We also analyzed how the study design and characteristics of the intervention affect the results, and identified qualitative effects of mindfulness interventions. A literature search was performed in different databases in June 2020. Original articles meeting the following criteria were included: (1) at least 50% of the participants were medical students, (2) included a mindfulness intervention, (3) analyzed any outcome relating to mindfulness intervention, (4) peer-reviewed (5) written in English. Eventually, 31 articles including 24 different samples were included. Over half of the studies were RCTs. In over half of the studies, the intervention was 4- to 10-week original Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy or a modification of these. In general, satisfaction with the interventions was good. Based on a meta-analysis, after the intervention, the intervention group had statistically significantly fewer symptoms of stress and distress and had higher mindfulness than the controls. The beneficial effects persisted in follow-ups over months or years. Both long and shorter courses and courses with and without face-to-face sessions were effective. Both controlled and uncontrolled studies had statistically significant results. Qualitative results revealed potential factors behind the quantitative effects. The number of studies on mindfulness interventions in medical students has increased drastically. Mindfulness-based interventions seem to offer a good possibility to enhance medical students' well-being.

中文翻译：

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基于正念的干预对医学生的影响：系统评价。

关于正念对医疗保健专业人员影响的研究数量正在增加。本研究的主要目的是整理原始研究的定量结果，分析基于正念的干预对医学生的各种结果的影响。我们还分析了干预的研究设计和特征如何影响结果，并确定了正念干预的定性效果。2020 年 6 月在不同的数据库中进行了文献检索。包括符合以下标准的原始文章：(1) 至少 50% 的参与者是医学生，(2) 包括正念干预，(3) 分析了任何相关结果到正念干预，(4) 同行评审 (5) 用英语写的。最终，包含 24 个不同样本的 31 篇文章被纳入。超过一半的研究是随机对照试验。在超过一半的研究中，干预措施是为期 4 至 10 周的原始正念减压疗法或正念认知疗法或对这些疗法的修改。总的来说，对干预措施的满意度很高。根据荟萃分析，干预后，干预组的压力和痛苦症状在统计学上显着减少，并且比对照组具有更高的正念。有益效果在后续行动中持续数月或数年。长课程和短课程以及有和没有面对面课程的课程都很有效。受控和非受控研究均有统计学意义的结果。定性结果揭示了定量效应背后的潜在因素。关于医学生正念干预的研究数量急剧增加。基于正念的干预措施似乎为提高医学生的幸福感提供了很好的可能性。