Purpose of Review

The prevalence and incidence of allergic disease have been rising in Westernized countries since the twentieth century. Increasingly, evidence suggests that damage to the epithelium initiates and shapes innate and adaptive immune responses to external antigens. The objective of this review is to examine the role of detergents as a potential risk factor for developing allergic disease.

Recent Findings

Herein, we identify key sources of human detergent exposure. We summarize the evidence suggesting a possible role for detergents and related chemicals in initiating epithelial barrier dysfunction and allergic inflammation. We primarily focus on experimental models of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and eosinophilic esophagitis, which show compelling associations between allergic disease and detergent exposure. Mechanistic studies suggest that detergents disrupt epithelial barrier integrity through their effects on tight junction or adhesion molecules and promote inflammation through epithelial alarmin release.

Summary

Environmental exposures that disrupt or damage the epithelium may account for the increasing rates of allergic disease in genetically susceptible individuals. Detergents and related chemical compounds represent possible modifiable risk factors for the development or exacerbation of atopy.

中文翻译：

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过敏真相大白：清洁剂在上皮屏障功能障碍中的作用

审查目的

自二十世纪以来，西方国家过敏性疾病的患病率和发病率一直在上升。越来越多的证据表明，上皮细胞的损伤会引发并形成针对外部抗原的先天性和适应性免疫反应。本次综述的目的是探讨洗涤剂作为过敏性疾病潜在危险因素的作用。

最近的发现

在此，我们确定了人类接触清洁剂的主要来源。我们总结了表明清洁剂和相关化学物质在引发上皮屏障功能障碍和过敏性炎症中可能发挥作用的证据。我们主要关注特应性皮炎、哮喘和嗜酸粒细胞性食管炎的实验模型，这些模型显示了过敏性疾病与清洁剂接触之间的令人信服的关联。机理研究表明，去污剂通过对紧密连接或粘附分子的影响破坏上皮屏障的完整性，并通过上皮警报素的释放促进炎症。

概括

破坏或损害上皮的环境暴露可能是遗传易感个体过敏性疾病发病率增加的原因。洗涤剂和相关化合物代表了特应性发展或恶化的可能可改变的风险因素。