Sensitive and accurate capture, enrichment, and identification of drug-resistant bacteria on human skin are important for early-stage diagnosis and treatment of patients. Herein, we constructed a three-dimensional hierarchically structured polyaniline nanoweb (3D HPN) to capture, enrich, and detect drug-resistant bacteria on-site by rubbing infected skins. These unique hierarchical nanostructures enhance bacteria capture efficiency and help severely deform the surface of the bacteria entrapped on them. Therefore, 3D HPN significantly contributes to the effective and reliable recovery of drug-resistant bacteria from the infected skin and the prevention of potential secondary infection. The recovered bacteria were successfully identified by subsequent real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis after the lysis process. The molecular analysis results based on a real-time PCR exhibit excellent sensitivity to detecting target bacteria of concentrations ranging from 102 to 107 CFU/mL without any fluorescent signal interruption. To confirm the field applicability of 3D HPN, it was tested with a drug-resistant model consisting of micropig skin similar to human skin and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (KPC-CRE). The results show that the detection sensitivity of this assay is 102 CFU/mL. Therefore, 3D HPN can be extended to on-site pathogen detection systems, along with rapid molecular diagnostics through a simple method, to recover KPC-CRE from the skin.

中文翻译：

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基于聚苯胺的3D网络结构促进耐药细菌的捕获和检测

灵敏准确地捕获、富集和鉴定人体皮肤上的耐药菌对于患者的早期诊断和治疗具有重要意义。在此，我们构建了三维分层结构的聚苯胺纳米网（3D HPN），通过摩擦感染的皮肤来捕获、富集和检测现场耐药细菌。这些独特的分层纳米结构提高了细菌捕获效率，并有助于使捕获的细菌表面严重变形。因此，3D HPN 显着有助于从感染皮肤中有效且可靠地恢复耐药细菌并预防潜在的继发感染。裂解过程后，通过随后的实时聚合酶链反应（PCR）分析成功鉴定了回收的细菌。基于实时PCR的分子分析结果对检测浓度范围为102至107 CFU/mL的目标细菌表现出优异的灵敏度，且没有任何荧光信号中断。为了证实3D HPN的现场适用性，用类似于人类皮肤的微型猪皮肤和产碳青霉烯酶的肺炎克雷伯菌肠杆菌科细菌（KPC-CRE）组成的耐药模型进行了测试。结果表明，该方法的检测灵敏度为102 CFU/mL。因此，3D HPN 可以扩展到现场病原体检测系统，并通过简单的方法进行快速分子诊断，从皮肤中回收 KPC-CRE。