Research on cost beliefs has surged over the past several years. Though many dimensions of cost have been identified, researchers have often conflated these dimensions with one another. Moreover, some dimensions of cost may actually refer to already established constructs. In the current study, we explore the potential jangle fallacy between emotional cost and negative emotions, including anger, frustration, anxiety, boredom, and confusion, with particular attention to the costs and emotions that students anticipated to be associated with a course, as well as the costs and emotions that students actually experienced during the course. Results of this study provide evidence that emotional cost and negative emotions are distinct constructs in both their anticipated and experienced forms, although some similarities between constructs were also identified. Future directions are discussed for providing more conceptual clarity of emotional cost.

中文翻译：

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你能听到吗？明确情感成本和负面情绪的概念

过去几年，对成本信念的研究激增。尽管已经确定了成本的许多维度，但研究人员经常将这些维度相互混为一谈。此外，成本的某些维度实际上可能指的是已经建立的结构。在当前的研究中，我们探讨了情感成本和负面情绪之间潜在的误区，包括愤怒、沮丧、焦虑、无聊和困惑，特别关注学生预期与课程相关的成本和情绪。作为学生在课程中实际经历的成本和情感。这项研究的结果提供了证据，表明情感成本和负面情绪在其预期形式和经历形式中都是不同的构造，尽管也发现了构造之间的一些相似之处。讨论了未来的方向，以提供更清晰的情感成本概念。