The abundance of pond ash and its resemblance to natural sand encourages its use as a substitute for sand in sand–bentonite (SB) liner material. Compaction water content influences the geoengineering properties of cohesive soil to a great extent. Accordingly, the compaction, strength, permeability and shrinkage characteristics of both pond ash–bentonite (PAB) and SB mixes are investigated at standard and modified Proctor compaction energies at various water contents to support the recommendation of the PAB mixture as an alternative landfill liner. At similar compaction conditions, the PAB mix exhibits higher unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and hydraulic conductivity than the SB mix. The UCS values of mixes compacted on the dry side of optimum are higher than those of mixes compacted on the wet side. Dry-side compacted mixes exhibit a reduction in hydraulic conductivity with permeation time, whereas no substantial reduction in hydraulic conductivity is noticed for wet-side compacted mixes. Furthermore, the volumetric shrinkage of both PAB and SB mixes is within the permissible value of 4%, for a wide range of water variation from the dry to the wet side of optimum. The observed mechanical properties are correlated to the shape of coarse fraction particles and the corresponding microstructural arrangements of the compacted specimens.

中文翻译：

---

压实水对膨润土基衬砌强度和水力性能的影响

丰富的池塘灰及其与天然砂的相似性促使其在砂-膨润土 (SB) 衬里材料中用作砂的替代品。压实含水率在很大程度上影响粘性土的地球工程性质。因此，池塘灰-膨润土 (PAB) 和 SB 混合物的压实、强度、渗透性和收缩特性在标准和修改后的 Proctor 压实能量下在不同含水量下进行了研究，以支持将 PAB 混合物作为替代垃圾填埋场衬里的建议。在类似的压实条件下，PAB 混合物表现出比 SB 混合物更高的无侧限抗压强度 (UCS) 和导水率。在最佳干侧压实的混合物的 UCS 值高于在湿侧压实的混合物的 UCS 值。干侧压实混合物的水力传导率随渗透时间而降低，而湿侧压实混合物的水力传导率没有显着降低。此外，PAB 和 SB 混合物的体积收缩率都在 4% 的允许值范围内，适用于从干侧到最佳湿侧的各种水分变化。观察到的机械性能与粗颗粒的形状和压实样品的相应微观结构排列相关。适用于从干侧到最佳湿侧的各种水变化。观察到的机械性能与粗颗粒的形状和压实样品的相应微观结构排列相关。适用于从干侧到最佳湿侧的各种水变化。观察到的机械性能与粗颗粒的形状和压实样品的相应微观结构排列相关。