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Manhandling the Goddess: The Thuggee Archive as a Sum of (Male) Parts
Law and Critique Pub Date : 2023-06-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s10978-023-09345-6
Adimaya Keni

Every archive holds many stories; this paper analyses the treatment and socio-political role of the Indian goddess icon, Kali, in the early nineteenth century, considering the story of legal subjectivity through her changing depiction and worship. Kali was reimagined as a monster-like figure of hate and fear, of depravity and unchecked female sexuality, and the anti-thesis of morality, by the East India Company officers who compiled the archive on thuggee. As the icon of reverence to thuggee, an early codified crime of habitual stranglers, this paper follows Kali through her restructuring under the British imperial vision, and as a mirror-metaphor of repressed feminine energy in the legal archive. I analyse the change in Kali’s iconography under the gaze of the law and the advent of a new colonial branding made up from parts of her legend. It is through this new role that the introduction of a standardised legal framework forced Kali to become secondary to Western paternalism, a role that split her Eastern feminine aspect into separate facets. I discuss how the repression of the female voice in the thuggee archive reflects historic attitudes of engendering that echoed as a form of nomos in the twentieth century socio-political climate of Britain. Finally, I present where the feminine energy highlights the need for a subtle reorientation of the criminal law to overcome areas of recurring dissonance in service to its female subjects.



中文翻译:

粗暴对待女神:作为(男性)部分总和的 Thuggee 档案

每个档案馆都有很多故事;本文分析了 19 世纪早期印度女神卡莉 (Kali) 的待遇和社会政治角色,通过她不断变化的描绘和崇拜来思考法律主体性的故事。东印度公司的官员将卡利重新想象成一个充满仇恨和恐惧、堕落和不受约束的女性性行为以及道德的反论点的怪物般的形象,这些官员编制了关于暴徒的档案。作为对暴徒(习惯性扼杀者的早期编纂犯罪)的崇敬偶像,本文跟随卡莉在大英帝国视野下进行重组,并作为法律档案中被压抑的女性能量的镜像隐喻。我分析了在法律的注视下卡莉肖像画的变化,以及由她的部分传奇组成的新殖民品牌的出现。正是通过这个新角色,标准化法律框架的引入迫使 Kali 成为西方家长式作风的次要角色,这个角色将她的东方女性面貌分成不同的方面。我讨论了 thuggee 档案中对女性声音的压制如何反映了历史上产生的态度,这种态度在英国二十世纪的社会政治气候中作为一种 nomos 的形式回响。最后,我提出女性能量强调需要对刑法进行微妙的重新定位,以克服为其女性主体服务的反复出现的不和谐领域。我讨论了 thuggee 档案中对女性声音的压制如何反映了历史上产生的态度,这种态度在英国二十世纪的社会政治气候中作为一种 nomos 的形式回响。最后,我提出女性能量强调需要对刑法进行微妙的重新定位,以克服为其女性主体服务的反复出现的不和谐领域。我讨论了 thuggee 档案中对女性声音的压制如何反映了历史上产生的态度,这种态度在英国二十世纪的社会政治气候中作为一种 nomos 的形式回响。最后,我提出女性能量强调需要对刑法进行微妙的重新定位,以克服为其女性主体服务的反复出现的不和谐领域。

更新日期:2023-06-01
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