The advent of Janus nanoparticles has been a great breakthrough in the emerging field of nanomaterials. Janus nanoparticles refer to a single structure with two distinct chemical functions on either side. Owing to their asymmetric structures, they can be utilized in a variety of applications where monomorphic particles are insufficient. In the last decade, a wide variety of materials have been employed to fabricate Janus nanoparticles, and due to the great advantages of magnetite (Iron-oxide) NPs, they have been considered as one of the best candidates. With the main benefit of magnetic controlling, magnetite Janus nanoparticles fulfill great promises, especially in biomedical areas such as bioimaging, cancer therapies, theranostics, and biosensing. The intrinsic characteristics of magnetite Janus nanoparticles (MJNPs) even hold great potential in magnetite Janus forms of micro-/nanomotors. Despite the great interest and potential in magnetic Janus NPs, the need for a comprehensive review on MJNPs with a concentration on magnetite NPs has been overlooked. Herein, we present recent advancements in the magnetite-based Janus nanoparticles in the flourishing field of biomedicine. First, the synthesis and fabrication methods of Janus nanoparticles are discussed. Then we will delve into their intriguing biomedical applications, with a separate section for magnetite Janus micro-/nanomotors in biomedicine. And finally, the challenges and future outlook are provided.

中文翻译：

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基于磁铁矿的 Janus 纳米颗粒、其合成和生物医学应用

Janus纳米粒子的出现是纳米材料新兴领域的重大突破。Janus 纳米颗粒是指两侧具有两种不同化学功能的单一结构。由于它们的不对称结构，它们可以用于单晶颗粒不足的各种应用中。在过去的十年中，各种各样的材料被用来制造 Janus 纳米颗粒，并且由于磁铁矿（氧化铁）纳米颗粒的巨大优势，它们被认为是最好的候选材料之一。凭借磁控制的主要优势，磁铁矿 Janus 纳米粒子实现了巨大的前景，特别是在生物成像、癌症治疗、治疗诊断和生物传感等生物医学领域。磁铁矿 Janus 纳米粒子 (MJNP) 的内在特性甚至在磁铁矿 Janus 形式的微/纳米电机中具有巨大的潜力。尽管人们对磁性 Janus NP 有着巨大的兴趣和潜力，但对以磁铁矿 NP 为重点的 MJNP 进行全面审查的必要性却被忽视了。在此，我们介绍了基于磁铁矿的 Janus 纳米颗粒在蓬勃发展的生物医学领域的最新进展。首先，讨论了Janus纳米粒子的合成和制造方法。然后我们将深入研究它们有趣的生物医学应用，其中有一个单独的部分介绍磁铁矿 Janus 微/纳米电机在生物医学中的应用。最后，提出了挑战和未来展望。