Clonal expansion and development of immunological memory are two hallmarks of adaptive immune responses. Resolving the intricate pathways that regulate cell cycle activity and lead to the generation of diverse effector and memory T cell subsets is essential for improving our understanding of protective T cell immunity. A deeper knowledge of cell cycle regulation in T cells also has translational implications for adoptive cell therapies and vaccinations against infectious diseases. Here, we summarize recent evidence for an early diversification of effector and memory CD8⁺ T cell fates and discuss how this process is coupled to discrete changes in division speed. We further review technical advances in lineage tracing and cell cycle analysis and outline how these techniques have shed new light on the population dynamics of CD8⁺ T cell responses, thereby refining our current understanding of the developmental organization of the memory T cell pool.

克隆扩张和免疫记忆的发展是适应性免疫反应的两个标志。解决调节细胞周期活性并导致不同效应和记忆 T 细胞亚群生成的复杂途径对于提高我们对保护性 T 细胞免疫的理解至关重要。对 T 细胞细胞周期调控的更深入了解也对过继细胞疗法和传染病疫苗接种具有转化意义。^{在这里，我们总结了效应器和记忆 CD8 +}早期多样化的最新证据T 细胞命运并讨论该过程如何与分裂速度的离散变化相结合。^{我们进一步回顾了谱系追踪和细胞周期分析方面的技术进展，并概述了这些技术如何为 CD8 +} T 细胞反应的群体动态提供新的线索，从而完善我们目前对记忆 T 细胞池发育组织的理解。