Many psychiatric conditions have been linked with deficits in cost-benefit reinforcement learning. However, previous results have been mixed, partly due to significant symptom heterogeneity within distinct psychiatric conditions and symptom overlap between them, making it difficult to disentangle whether alterations in cost-benefit reinforcement learning are condition- or symptom-specific. Here, we investigate whether transdiagnostic (sub-)clinical symptoms and risk factors for psychopathology are associated with reinforcement learning and cost-benefit integration. For this reason, we use an online cost-benefit reinforcement learning task in combination with self-rated measures of common transdiagnostic factors (perceived chronic stress, anhedonia, impulsivity, energy/fatigue) in 360 subjects (18–46 years old) with(out) a diagnosis of a psychiatric condition. Increased chronic stress and impulsivity were associated with poorer reinforcement learning, independent of whether participants were learning to minimize costs (physical effort) or maximize benefits (monetary rewards). These associations were selectively driven by a reduction in learning from positive and negative reinforcement, not punishment. The use of mobile phone (compared to laptop/PC) was also associated with lower performance accuracy. Data and scripts are available (https://osf.io/w3mvq/). Our work emphasizes the importance of chronic stress and impulsivity as potential drivers of altered motivation and goal-directed behavior beyond diagnostic labels, in addition to methodological challenges associated with data collection via online platforms.

许多精神疾病与成本效益强化学习的缺陷有关。然而，之前的结果喜忧参半，部分原因是不同精神疾病中明显的症状异质性以及它们之间的症状重叠，使得很难弄清成本效益强化学习的改变是条件特异性还是症状特异性。在这里，我们调查跨诊断（亚）临床症状和精神病理学的风险因素是否与强化学习和成本效益整合相关。出于这个原因，我们将在线成本效益强化学习任务与常见跨诊断因素（感知慢性压力、快感缺乏、冲动、能量/疲劳）在 360 名受试者（18-46 岁）中（未）诊断为精神疾病。慢性压力和冲动的增加与较差的强化学习有关，与参与者是否正在学习最小化成本（体力）或最大化收益（金钱奖励）无关。这些关联是由减少从正强化和负强化中学习而不是惩罚来选择性驱动的。使用手机（与笔记本电脑/个人电脑相比）也与较低的性能准确性有关。数据和脚本可用 (https://osf.io/w3mvq/)。我们的工作强调了慢性压力和冲动作为改变动机和目标导向行为的潜在驱动因素的重要性，超出了诊断标签，