How does male out-migration impact women's experience of post-disaster reconstruction? This paper employs survey data collected by Nepal's Housing Recovery Reconstruction Platform in 2018 to establish robust associations between male out-migration and three indicators of women's participation in rebuilding their private houses after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake: (i) knowing where to consult for information; (ii) visiting a local government official by oneself; and (iii) signing a rebuilding agreement with the local government. Twenty-six semi-structured interviews conducted in 2022 further revealed that women whose husbands were abroad undertook roles that they would not have performed had their spouse been present, including in relation to management and decision-making. However, the interviews also highlighted challenges that women had to overcome, such as a lack of knowledge of procuring materials and difficulties leading the process as a woman. This study advances the literature by establishing a relationship between male out-migration and variation in women's post-earthquake rebuilding experiences.

中文翻译：

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男性外流与女性参与灾后重建有关吗？2015 年廓尔喀地震后尼泊尔的证据

男性外流如何影响女性的灾后重建经历？本文利用尼泊尔住房恢复重建平台 2018 年收集的调查数据，在 2015 年廓尔喀地震后男性外流与女性参与重建私人住房的三个指标之间建立了强有力的关联：(i) 知道去哪里咨询信息；(ii) 亲自拜访当地政府官员；(iii) 与当地政府签署重建协议。2022 年进行的 26 次半结构化访谈进一步显示，丈夫在国外的女性承担了如果配偶在场则不会履行的角色，包括与管理和决策相关的角色。然而，采访也强调了女性必须克服的挑战，例如缺乏采购材料的知识以及作为女性领导这一过程的困难。这项研究通过建立男性外流与女性震后重建经历变化之间的关系，推进了文献的研究。