Imaging of breast cancer is the backbone of breast cancer screening, diagnosis, preoperative/treatment assessment and follow-up. The main modalities are mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. New emerging technologies have also enabled each modality to improve on their weaknesses. Imaging-guided biopsies have allowed for accurate diagnosis of breast cancer, with low complication rates. The purpose of this article is to review the common modalities for breast cancer imaging in current practice with emphasis on the strengths and potential weaknesses, discuss the selection of the best imaging modality for the specific clinical question or patient population, and explore new technologies / future directions of breast cancer imaging.

乳腺癌影像学是乳腺癌筛查、诊断、术前/治疗评估和随访的支柱。主要的检查手段是乳房X光检查、超声检查和磁共振成像，每种检查都有各自的优点和缺点。新兴技术也使每种模式能够改善其弱点。影像引导活检可以准确诊断乳腺癌，且并发症发生率较低。本文的目的是回顾当前实践中乳腺癌成像的常见方式，重点关注其优点和潜在缺点，讨论针对特定临床问题或患者群体选择最佳成像方式，并探索新技术/未来乳腺癌影像学方向。