In recent decades, the number of pre-term infants born each year has been on the rise as mortality rates decline with improvements in technology and medical care. As a result, many preterm infants are successfully discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, with prematurity comes the increased risk of ongoing health and development needs. Special attention must be given to certain chronic conditions by the outpatient provider, including growth and nutrition; gastroesophageal reflux; immunizations; vision and hearing impairments; chronic lung diseases, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension; and neurodevelopmental outcomes. This article will detail some of these topics to better inform the primary care provider of appropriate strategies to manage these chronic conditions and sequalae on NICU discharge. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(6):e200-e205.].

中文翻译：

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照顾早产儿：门诊注意事项。

近几十年来，随着技术和医疗水平的提高，死亡率下降，每年出生的早产儿数量一直在上升。结果，许多早产儿顺利地从新生儿重症监护病房 (NICU) 出院。然而，随着早产而来的是持续健康和发展需求的风险增加。门诊提供者必须特别注意某些慢性病，包括生长和营养；胃食管反流；免疫接种；视力和听力障碍；慢性肺部疾病，包括支气管肺发育不良和肺动脉高压；和神经发育结果。本文将详细介绍其中一些主题，以便更好地告知初级保健提供者适当的策略来管理这些慢性病和 NICU 出院后遗症。[儿科医生安。2023;52(6):e200-e205.]。