AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is a nervous system disorder that harms the neurons in different parts of the brain. Various features are involved in altering the normal activities of neurons. Neurotoxicity is induced due to HIV viral proteins such as gp120, SDF, Tat, etc. These proteins target macrophages, glial cells, astrocytes, and release neurotoxins. These neurotoxins proved harmful for the neurons, caused apoptotic cell death by raising calcium, glutamate level and by producing various free radicals such as nitric oxide (NO^·). Lipid peroxidation and lipids rafts also play a vital role in producing toxicity and apoptotic cell death. Membrane associated oxidative stress, cognitive impairment, and high level of HNE (4-hydroxynonenal); all are involved in ADC pathogenesis.

中文翻译：

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艾滋病痴呆症：艾滋病患者的神经毒性

艾滋病痴呆综合症（ADC）是一种神经系统疾病，会损害大脑不同部位的神经元。改变神经元的正常活动涉及多种特征。神经毒性是由 HIV 病毒蛋白（例如 gp120、SDF、Tat 等）引起的。这些蛋白以巨噬细胞、神经胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞为目标，并释放神经毒素。这些神经毒素被证明对神经元有害，通过提高钙、谷氨酸水平和产生各种自由基（例如一氧化氮（NO· ^） ）引起细胞凋亡。脂质过氧化和脂筏在产生毒性和细胞凋亡中也起着至关重要的作用。膜相关的氧化应激、认知障碍和高水平的 HNE（4-羟基壬烯醛）；所有这些都参与 ADC 的发病机制。