The most common genetic hereditary disease affecting Caucasians is Cystic Fibrosis (CF), which is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the CFTR gene. The most serious consequence is the production of a thick and sticky mucus in the respiratory tract, which entraps airborne microorganisms and facilitates colonization, inflammation, and infection. Therefore, the present article compiles the information about the microbiota and, particularly, the inter-kingdom fungal-bacterial interactions in the CF lung, the molecules involved, and the potential effects that these interactions may have on the course of the disease. Among the bacterial compounds, quorum sensing-regulated molecules such as homoserine lactones, phenazines, rhamnolipids, quinolones, and siderophores (pyoverdine and pyochelin) stand out, but volatile organic compounds, maltophilin, and CF-related bacteriophages are also explained. These molecules exhibit diverse antifungal mechanisms, including iron starvation and induction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production. The fungal compounds are less studied, but they include cell wall components, siderophores, patulin, and farnesol. Despite the apparent competition between microorganisms, the persistence of significant rates of bacterial-fungal co-colonization in CF suggests that numerous variables influence it. In conclusion, it is crucial to increase scientific and economic efforts to intensify studies on the bacterial-fungal inter-kingdom interactions in the CF lung.

中文翻译：

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囊性纤维化肺中的微生物群和真菌-细菌相互作用

影响白种人的最常见遗传性疾病是囊性纤维化 (CF)，它是由 CFTR 基因的常染色体隐性突变引起的。最严重的后果是在呼吸道中产生粘稠的粘液，它会捕获空气中的微生物并促进定植、炎症和感染。因此，本文汇编了有关微生物群的信息，特别是 CF 肺中真菌-细菌界间相互作用、所涉及的分子以及这些相互作用可能对疾病进程产生的潜在影响。在细菌化合物中，群体感应调节分子如高丝氨酸内酯、吩嗪、鼠李糖脂、喹诺酮类和铁载体（pyoverdine和pyochelin）脱颖而出，但挥发性有机化合物，嗜麦芽素，和 CF 相关的噬菌体也得到了解释。这些分子表现出多种抗真菌机制，包括铁饥饿和诱导活性氧和氮物质的产生。对真菌化合物的研究较少，但它们包括细胞壁成分、铁载体、棒曲霉素和金合欢醇。尽管微生物之间存在明显的竞争，但 CF 中细菌-真菌共定殖的显着比率的持续存在表明有许多变量对其产生影响。总之，加大科学和经济努力，加强对 CF 肺中细菌-真菌界间相互作用的研究至关重要。对真菌化合物的研究较少，但它们包括细胞壁成分、铁载体、棒曲霉素和金合欢醇。尽管微生物之间存在明显的竞争，但 CF 中细菌-真菌共定殖的显着比率的持续存在表明许多变量会影响它。总之，加大科学和经济努力，加强对 CF 肺中细菌-真菌界间相互作用的研究至关重要。对真菌化合物的研究较少，但它们包括细胞壁成分、铁载体、棒曲霉素和金合欢醇。尽管微生物之间存在明显的竞争，但 CF 中细菌-真菌共定殖的显着比率的持续存在表明有许多变量对其产生影响。总之，加大科学和经济努力，加强对 CF 肺中细菌-真菌界间相互作用的研究至关重要。