The paper focusses on ritual “politeness” in the eighteenth- and early-nineteenth century Romanian Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia from a historical sociopragmatic perspective. The analysis of ceremonial literature and memoirs aims to highlight the instrumental role that the performance of conventional gestures and the use of conventional formulae have in presenting the self/other image. The period under consideration attests to the prominence of the Ottoman cultural model in the Romanian Principalities; nevertheless, the conduct prompted by Western and Central European culture was also rapidly emerging in these borderlands at the same time. When Romanian participants shift their behaviour in intercultural interactions according to the Eastern or Western norms, the choices they make have profound implications (political, social, and cultural).

中文翻译：

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Phanariot 时期罗马尼亚公国的礼仪和现代“礼貌”

本文从历史社会实用主义的角度关注 18 世纪和 19 世纪初罗马尼亚瓦拉几亚公国和摩尔达维亚公国的礼仪“礼貌”。对礼仪文学和回忆录的分析旨在强调传统手势的表现和传统公式的使用在呈现自我/他人形象方面的工具作用。所考虑的时期证明了罗马尼亚公国中奥斯曼文化模式的突出地位；尽管如此，西欧和中欧文化所推动的行为也在同一时间迅速出现在这些边境地区。当罗马尼亚参与者根据东方或西方规范改变他们在跨文化互动中的行为时，他们做出的选择具有深远的影响（政治、社会、