Purpose

This paper aims to analyze open access (OA) scholarly publishing patterns as well as OA policies and mandates across European countries.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on a descriptive research approach using data from Web resources, directories and bibliographic and citation databases, namely, DOAJ, OpenDOAR, SCImago journal and Country Ranking portal, ROARMAP and Web of Science.

Findings

The findings indicate that the initiatives and measures in Europe that promote OA are adequate. OA journals and digital repositories have progressively increased over the past two decades. Of the total journals (n = 25,231) published worldwide and indexed in Scopus, 53% are published in European countries, with 23.7% being OA journals. In total, 34% of the OA repositories (n = 5,714) are in European countries. The proportion of OA journal papers has grown significantly in all European countries, with a 14.3% annual growth rate. The average proportion of OA publications in European countries is significantly higher (39.07%) than the world average (30.16%), with a clear inclination for making research literature openly accessible via the green OA route (79.41%) compared to the gold OA route (52.30%). Most European research funders and institutions have required researchers to make OA available for their research findings, either by publishing them in OA journals or depositing accepted manuscripts in repositories.

Research limitations/implications

The study analyzed OA trends in Europe; other continents and countries were not included in the analysis. The study only described OA policies and mandates; the extent to which the OA policies and mandates were implemented was not studied. However, the results of the study may be helpful to policymakers, funders, research institutions and universities in other countries in adopting and implementing OA policies and mandates.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is the first that used multiple data sources for investigating different facets of OA publishing in European countries, including OA journals, digital repositories, research output, mandates and policies for publicly funded research. The findings will be helpful for researchers and policymakers interested in promoting OA adoption among researchers worldwide.

中文翻译：

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欧洲国家的开放获取举措：趋势和政策分析

目的

本文旨在分析欧洲国家的开放获取 (OA) 学术出版模式以及 OA 政策和规定。

设计/方法论/途径

该研究基于描述性研究方法，使用来自网络资源、目录以及书目和引文数据库的数据，即 DOAJ、OpenDOAR、SCImago 期刊和国家排名门户、ROARMAP 和 Web of Science。

发现

研究结果表明，欧洲促进开放获取的举措和措施是充分的。OA 期刊和数字存储库在过去二十年中不断增加。在全球出版并被 Scopus 索引的期刊总数（n = 25,231）中，53% 在欧洲国家出版，其中 23.7% 是 OA 期刊。总共 34% 的 OA 存储库（n= 5,714）位于欧洲国家。欧洲各国OA期刊论文比例均显着增长，年增长率为14.3%。欧洲国家OA出版物的平均比例（39.07%）显着高于世界平均水平（30.16%），与黄金OA路线相比，明显倾向于通过绿色OA路线（79.41%）公开获取研究文献（52.30%）。大多数欧洲研究资助者和机构都要求研究人员为他们的研究成果提供 OA，要么将其发表在 OA 期刊上，要么将已接受的手稿存放在存储库中。

研究局限性/影响

该研究分析了欧洲的 OA 趋势；分析中未包括其他大陆和国家。该研究仅描述了 OA 政策和任务；没有研究OA政策和任务的执行程度。然而，研究结果可能有助于其他国家的政策制定者、资助者、研究机构和大学采用和实施开放获取政策和任务。

原创性/价值

据作者所知，该研究首次使用多个数据源来调查欧洲国家开放获取出版的不同方面，包括开放获取期刊、数字存储库、研究成果、公共资助研究的任务和政策。这些发现将对有兴趣促进全球研究人员采用开放获取的研究人员和政策制定者有所帮助。